Probing Question: What is colorblindness?

Midnight Blue, Burnt Orange, Aquamarine. Since 1903, Crayola crayons
-- with
their fanciful names and hundreds of hues -- have introduced
generations of
American children to the nuanced beauty of the color spectrum. Imagine
the
public's surprise when Crayola's senior crayon maker, Emerson Moser,
who molded
a record-breaking 1.4 billion crayons in his 37-year career, announced
upon his
retirement that he was color blind.

How Seat Belts Kill

Most of economics can be summarized in four words: "People respond to
incentives." The rest is commentary.

"People respond to incentives" sounds innocuous enough, and almost
everyone will admit its validity as a general principle. What
distinguishes the economist is his insistence on taking the principle
seriously at all times.

I remember the late 1970s and waiting half an hour to buy a tank of
gasoline at a federally controlled price. Virtually all economists
agreed that if the price were allowed to rise freely, people would buy
less gasoline. Many noneconomists believed otherwise. The economists
were right: When price controls were lifted, the lines disappeared.

University of Adelaide geneticist Dr Jozef Gecz and a team of Belgium
and UK scientists have achieved a major breakthrough in discovering
the causes of intellectual disability.

Dr Gecz, a senior researcher who is based at the Women’s and
Children’s Hospital in Adelaide, has collaborated with an
international research team to reveal that various mutations of a
small part of the X chromosome lead to mental retardation.

The breakthrough is reported in the February issue of the American
Journal of Human Genetics and comes after an intensive collaboration
with scientists from the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven in Belgium,
the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute in Cambridge, England and the
Genetics of Learning Disability (GOLD) Service in NSW.

Dr Gecz says the duplicated genes – dubbed HSD17B10 and HUWE1 –
produce excess protein, which appears to be the trigger leading to
intellectual disability.

The researchers used specialised molecular technology to study the X
chromosomes of more than 500 families diagnosed with various forms of
X chromosome-linked mental retardation.

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