For all the political activists and everyone interested politics, they
should understand the risk involved.

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反革命
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反革命的原意為反對革命，原來「反革命」與「革命」一樣同屬於中性詞。但在中國共產革命發展的過程中，反革命被視為嚴重的負面行為，在1997年《中華
人民共和國刑法》修訂前，反革命屬於刑法規定的罪名之一。後來，隨着社會的發展以及國際社會的質疑的日益強烈，刑法中取消了該罪名，並以「危害國家安全
罪」取而代之。也有觀點認為，按照反革命的定義，現在反對革命者為中國共產黨，故共產黨為反革命。

[編輯] 參見
反革命事件

[編輯] 外部連結
郭羅基：何謂"煽動顛覆國家政權"？
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Counter-revolutionary
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
A counter-revolutionary is anyone who opposes a revolution,
particularly those who act after a revolution to try to overturn or
reverse it, in full or in part. The adjective, "counterrevolutionary,"
pertains to movements that would restore the state of affairs, or the
principles, that prevailed during a prerevolutionary era.

A counterrevolution can be positive or negative in its consequences;
depending, in part, on the benificient or pernicious character of the
revoltion that gets reversed. For example, the transitory success of
Agis and Cleomenes of ancient Sparta in restoring the constitution of
Lycurgus was considered by Plutarch to be counterrevolutionary in a
positive sense. During the French Revolution the Jacobins saw the
Counterrevolution in the Vendée as distinctly negative.

Contents [hide]
1 England, France and other counterrevolutionaries
2 Usage of the term
3 Quotes
4 Footnotes and references
5 See also
6 Further reading
6.1 External links

反右運動
維基百科，自由的百科全書
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中國共產黨政治運動

中華人民共和國史

反右運動「反右運動」是中國共產黨在中華人民共和國建立後於1957年發起的第一場波及社會各階層的群眾性大型政治運動，主要結果是給空前大量的人確定
「右派」身份。改革開放後，中共承認執行過程中有「擴大化」問題，即「反右擴大化」。政府給大批錯划右派「糾正」，未被糾正的右派「維持原案，只摘帽
子，不予改正，不予平反」。

目錄 [隱藏]
1 運動歷程
1.1 雙百方針和整風運動
1.2 「陽謀」論
1.3 右派的標準
1.4 反右的擴大化
1.5 趨於平靜
1.6 右派的命運
1.7 右派的平反
1.7.1 至今未被改正的「右派」
2 右派人數
3 影響
4 注釋
5 外部連結

[編輯] 運動歷程

Anti-Rightist Movement
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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History of the
People's Republic of China

1949–1976, The Mao Era
Revolution
Korean War
Hundred Flowers Campaign
Anti-Rightist Movement
Great Leap Forward
Three Years of Natural Disasters
Cultural Revolution
Lin Biao
Gang of Four
Tiananmen Incident
1976–1989, Era of Reconstruction
Economic reform
Sino-Vietnamese War
Tiananmen protests
1989–2002, A Rising Power
One Country, Two Systems
Hong Kong (post 1997)
Macau (post 1999)
Chinese reunification
2002–present, China Today

See also:
History of China
History of Beijing
History of Shanghai

Prominent leaders
Mao - Deng - Jiang - Hu
Other China topics
Culture - Economy
Geography - Politics - Education
China Portal
This box: view • talk • edit
The Anti-Rightist Movement (Chinese: 反右派运动; pinyin: Fǎn Yòupài
Yùndòng) of the People's Republic of China in the 1950s and early
1960s consisted of a series of campaigns to purge alleged "rightists"
within the Communist Party of China and abroad. The campaigns were
instigated by the Chairman, Mao Zedong.

Contents [hide]
1 Background
2 Origins
3 First wave
4 Second wave
5 Historical Revisionism After Mao
6 Censorship in China
7 References
8 See also
9 External links

[edit] Background
Going perhaps as far back as the Long March there had been resentment
against "rightists" inside the CCP, for example Zhang Bojun[1].

[edit] Origins

美丽岛事件
维基百科，自由的百科全书
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张俊宏黄信介陈菊姚嘉文施明德吕秀莲林弘宣
美丽岛大审
美丽岛事件（或高雄事件、当时政府称其为高雄暴力事件叛乱案），是1979年12月10日国际人权纪念日在台湾高雄市发生的一场遭到国民党政府镇压的民
主运动，为二二八事件后规模最大的一场民众示威运动，其对台湾的现代历史发展有着重要影响，对往后台湾社会迈向民主、自由、人权有着重大影响。对“今天
的台湾政治、甚至台湾主权的维护，也都扮演着相当程度的重要角色。美丽岛事件的领导者施明德、林义雄后来皆成为政坛上的指标人物。

目录 [隐藏]
1 历史背景
1.1 美丽岛之前的党外运动
1.2 《美丽岛》杂志
2 高雄事件
3 影响
4 其他
5 相关的史料与研究
6 相关条目
7 外部链接

[编辑] 历史背景

[编辑] 美丽岛之前的党外运动

Kaohsiung Incident
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The tone or style of this article or section may not be appropriate
for Wikipedia.
Specific concerns may be found on the talk page. See Wikipedia's guide
to writing better articles for suggestions. (April 2008)

The Kaohsiung Incident (traditional Chinese: 高雄事件) also known as the
Formosa Incident (traditional Chinese: 美麗島事件) was the result of pro-
democracy demonstrations that occurred in Kaohsiung, Taiwan December
10, 1979. Other names for the event include the Meilidao Incident and
the Formosa Magazine incident.[1][2]

The time period experienced a rising middle class, and a more open-
minded Kuomintang (KMT) ruling regime that allowed some fostering of
political opposition.[3] Taiwanese citizens were becoming weary of
mainlander authority, and were eager for a more democratic society.
The event turned into a series of political protests that led to
public trials and arrests. It is considered a turning point for pro-
democracy groups/KMT political oppositions.[3]

Contents [hide]
1 Background
2 Incident
3 Arrests and imprisonment
3.1 Lin Yi-hsiung
3.2 Major groups
3.3 Others
4 Legacy
5 References
6 See also

[edit] Background
In the summer of 1979 a slight thaw had set in, during which two
opposition magazines were established: Formosa Magazine, headed by
veteran opposition Legislative Yuan-member Huang Hsin-chieh, and The
Eighties, headed by up and coming opposition leader K'ang Ning-hsiang.
Formosa Magazine quickly became the rallying point for the budding
democratic movement. During the fall of 1979, it became increasingly
vocal. December 10th became an opportunity to express views concerning
the lack of democracy and human rights on the island. Prior to the
event the atmosphere had become tense, because of increasingly violent
attacks by right-wing extremists on offices of the magazine and homes
of leading staff members.

[edit] Incident

台湾省戒严令
维基百科，自由的百科全书
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《台湾省戒严令》（正式名称：《台湾省警备总司令部布告戒字第壹号》），是一个于民国38年（1949年）5月19日由中华民国台湾省政府主席兼台湾省
警备总司令陈诚颁布的戒严令，内容为宣告自同年5月20日零时起在台湾省全境（含台湾本岛、澎湖群岛及其它附属岛屿）实施戒严，至民国76年（1987
年）7月15日由蒋经国总统宣布解严为止，共持续了38年又56天之久，是世界上持续时间次久的戒严。在台湾历史上，此戒严令实行的时期又被称为“戒严
时代”或“戒严时期”。

目录 [隐藏]
1 背景
2 戒严令的执行
2.1 戒严区的划分
2.2 其他相关法令
2.3 连坐保证制度
3 戒严令的解除
4 影响
5 参见
6 外部链接

[编辑] 背景
维基文库中相关的原始文献：
台湾省警备总司令部布告戒字第壹号http://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/台湾省警备总司令部布告戒字第壹号
由于国共内战情势对以国民党为主体的中华民国政府趋于不利，民国37年（1948年）12月10日国民政府在全国实行戒严，而与战场较远未受到影响的新
疆、西康、青海、台湾四省及西藏地方则不在范围之内，直到民国38年（1949年）5月20日台湾省全境宣布戒严。《台湾省戒严令》颁布后，中华民国政
府在大陆的情势持续恶化，中华民国政府于12月迁抵台北，而中国大陆则由共产党成立中华人民共和国，两岸开始进入长期对峙状态，中华民国台湾省戒严成为
稳固统治的重要法律。

[编辑] 戒严令的执行

Temporary Provisions Effective During the Period of Communist
Rebellion
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This article contains Chinese text.
Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes,
or other symbols instead of Chinese characters.
This article or section includes a list of references or external
links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline
citations.
You can improve this article by introducing more precise citations
where appropriate. (February 2008)

The Temporary Provisions Effective During the Period of Communist
Rebellion (traditional Chinese: 動員戡亂時期臨時條款; pinyin: Dòngyuán kānluàn
shíqī línshí tiáokuǎn) was a series of temporary constitutional
provisions passed by the National Assembly of the Republic of China on
May 10, 1948 and gave President Chiang Kai-shek extended powers amid
the height of the Chinese Civil War with the Chinese Communists. The
provisions halted democratic processes and allowed the president and
Vice President of the Republic of China to be exempted from the two-
term limit. After the Chinese mainland was lost to the Communists and
the government retreated to Taiwan in December 1949, these provisions
were to remain in effect until the mainland could be recovered from
the Chinese Communists. However, the tension of the Cold War era
gradually subsided during the 1980s as "retaking the mainland" became
less of a possibility and the National Assembly on April 22, 1991,
resolved to abolish the Temporary Provisions. On April 30 of the same
year, President Lee Teng-hui declared the Period of Communist
Rebellion to be terminated as of May 1.

Chinese Wikisource has original text related to this article:
動員戡亂時期臨時條款
[edit] References
History of Constitutional Revisions in the Republic of China
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Temporary_Provisions_Effective_During_the_Period_of_Communist_Rebellion"
Categories: Law of the People's Republic of China | History of the
Republic of China
Hidden category: Articles lacking in-text citations

动员戡乱时期临时条款
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《动员戡乱时期临时条款》是《中华民国宪法》的附属条款。该条款是由国民大会所制定，并且在动员戡乱时期优于《宪法》而适用。该《条款》于民国37年
（1948年）5月10日公布实施，直到民国80年（1991年）经国民大会决议及总统公告才于同年5月1日废止，共施行43年之久。

目录 [隐藏]
1 背景
2 条款内容
3 修正与沿用
4 废止
5 参见
6 参考资料

[编辑] 背景
国民政府于1947年颁布了《中华民国宪法》，但在抗日战争刚结束的当时，中国共产党军队的势力逐渐扩大。于是蒋介石在7月4日向南京政府第六次“国务
会议”提交了“厉行全国总动员，以戡共匪叛乱”的动员令，并于次日公布，从此全国进入了“动员戡乱时期”。

1948年4月，召开第一届国民大会第一次会议。为扩大总统权力，许多国大代表提议要修改刚刚生效不到4个月的《宪法》。 但修改《宪法》又怕失掉民
心，磋商的结果认为最好的办法莫过于“为于暂不变《宪法》的范围内，予政府以临时应变之权力”。于是张群、王世杰等721名国大代表联名提出了“制定
《动员戡乱时期临时条款》”一案。于宣告动员戡乱期间，就国家实施紧急权之程序给予特别之规定，使之不受《宪法》本文规定之限制。4月18日，大会正式
通过该案，并于5月10日实行，并规定有效期为两年半。

[编辑] 条款内容
规定总统在动员戡乱时期，为避免国家或人民遭遇紧急危难，或应付财政经济上重大变故，得经行政院会议之决议，为紧急处分，不受《宪法》第39条[1]或
第43条[2]所规定程序之限制。

[编辑] 修正与沿用