Thanks a lot, DD. Yes, very beautiful & exciting, but the enhancer HACNS1
is not oly working at the proximal thumb, but also at the big toe, anterior
wrist, ankle, shoulder & hip, ears (& less in eyes), & the pharynx.
HACNS1 alone doesn't explain why humans have rel.long & opposable thumbs:
it's not "the" thumb gene (just as FOXP2 is not "the" langauge" gene).

--Marc

... Human HACNS1 differs from Pan in 16 mutations = 4 x as many as expected
= positive selection ... Shyam Prabhakar cs placed the H, P & Macaca
versions in mice ... the human version had strong blue stains in their
developing limbs, eyes, ears & pharyngeal arches : HACNS1 is acting here as
a gene enhancer. In older embryos, it was still activating in the shoulder,
wrist & thumb & to a lesser extent in the big toe, ankle & hip ...

Ref 10.1126/science.1159974

Human-Specific Gain of Function in a Developmental Enhancer
S Prabhakar cs 2008 Science 321:1346-50
... In transgenic mice, a conserved non-coding sequence (HACNS1) that
evolved extremely rapidly in humans...

By: Dr. / Zaghloul El-Naggar

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singular form “heaven, firmament or sky”. Such reference is made...

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