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	<title><![CDATA[[comp.lang.perl.moderated] Welcome - read this first!]]></title>
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	<description><![CDATA[Archive-Name: perl-faq/moderated/welcome<br>Comp-lang-perl-moderated-archive-name: welcome<br>Posting-Frequency: weekly<br>Version: $Id: FAQ,v 1.55 2008/03/03 15:47:27 gbacon Exp $<br>URL: <a href="http://perl.plover.com/clpm/FAQ" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://perl.plover.com/clpm/FAQ</a><br>Maintainer: Greg Bacon <gbacon@<a href="http://hiwaay.net" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">hiwaay.net</a>><br>Copyright-Notice: see Section 14<br><br>[ A recent copy of this document can be obtained via anonymous FTP as<br>  <a href="http://rtfm.mit.edu:/pub/faqs/perl-faq/moderated/welcome" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">rtfm.mit.edu:/pub/faqs/perl-faq/moderated/welcome</a>.  If you do not have<br>  access to anonymous FTP, you can get a copy by sending email to<br>  mail-server@<a href="http://rtfm.mit.edu" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">rtfm.mit.edu</a> with the command<br>  "send faqs/perl-faq/moderated/welcome" in the message. ]<br><br>------------------------------------------------------------------------<br><br>Subject: 0. What is this document?<br><br>This document contains information for everyone interested in posting to<br>or simply reading the comp.lang.perl.moderated Usenet newsgroup.<br><br>This document DOES NOT answer any questions you might have about Perl.<br>For a list of Frequently Asked Questions about the Perl language itself,<br>please see<br><br>    <<a href="http://URL:http://www.cpan.org/doc/FAQs/FAQ/html" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">URL:http://www.cpan.org/doc/FAQs/FAQ/html</a>/><br><br>In the interest of brevity, `clpmod' will be used throughout the rest of<br>this document to refer to the comp.lang.perl.moderated Usenet newsgroup.<br>Similarly, `clpmisc' will be used throughout the rest of this document<br>to refer to the comp.lang.perl.misc Usenet newsgroup.<br><br>CONTENTS<br><br>Welcome to clpmod!<br><br>1.  Do we really need a moderated Perl newsgroup?<br>2.  What topics are appropriate for clpmod?<br>3.  Are there any resources I should consult before posting?<br>4.  How do I post to clpmod?<br>5.  What about crossposting to other moderated groups?<br>6.  Will I receive a rejection notice if my submission is rejected?<br>7.  Why do I have to register to post?<br>8.  Won't registering make me an easy target for spammers?<br>9.  How can I register a munged address?<br>10. Isn't header munging prohibited by the RFCs?<br>11. If I've already registered, can I post from another address?<br>12. Is there a mailing list mirror of clpmod?<br>13. Who are the moderators?<br>14. About this posting<br><br>------------------------------------<br><br>Subject: Welcome to clpmod!<br>===========================<br><br>The following is a list of questions that you may have or that may arise<br>as you participate in clpmod.  We the clpmod moderators hope to make this<br>document as useful as possible for everyone.  Please assist us in<br>achieving this goal by mailing the maintainer of this FAQ if there are<br>subjects you feel should be covered but aren't or if coverage of some<br>subjects is not adequate.<br><br>------------------------------------<br><br>Subject: 1. Do we really need a moderated Perl newsgroup?<br>=========================================================<br><br>This is the rationale Mark-Jason Dominus provided for the creation of<br>clpmod:<br><br>    The comp.lang.perl.misc group presently has very high<br>    traffic: typically about 250 articles per day.  Much of this<br>    traffic is given over to people asking off-topic questions,<br>    and questions answered in the FAQ.<br><br>    In these circumstances, a number of regular posters to the<br>    group have stopped reading comp.lang.perl.misc, while new<br>    readers can find it difficult to find relevant posts.  The<br>    result is reduced usefulness of the existing<br>    comp.lang.perl.misc newsgroup.<br><br>    This comp.lang.perl.moderated group is proposed as high<br>    signal-to-noise group where readers will not be subjected to<br>    the types of articles described above. The intention is to<br>    provide a useful resource for inexperienced Perl programmers<br>    and to attract and retain experienced programmers who can<br>    make a substantial contribution to the group.<br><br>    comp.lang.perl.misc would still be left in place for more<br>    general discussion, and for those topics that no one seems<br>    to agree on a place for.<br><br>However, if you're asking this question or don't buy the above rationale,<br>there is no reason for you not to continue using clpmisc.  The existence<br>of clpmod has no bearing on clpmisc.<br><br>------------------------------------<br><br>Subject: 2. What topics are appropriate for clpmod?<br>===================================================<br><br>This is outlined in the group's charter, which you can read at<br><br>    <<a href="http://URL:http://perl.plover.com/clpm/charter" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">URL:http://perl.plover.com/clpm/charter</a>><br><br>If you're unsure about a submission's appropriateness, you can either<br>post it and wait for a moderator's decision or you can contact the<br>moderation panel's policy discussion mailing list at<br><br>    <mjd-clpm-policy@<a href="http://plover.com" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">plover.com</a>><br><br>------------------------------------<br><br>Subject: 3. Are there any resources I should consult before posting?<br>====================================================================<br><br>Yes.  Thanks to the hard work of many, a myriad of excellent information<br>about Perl is available free of charge!<br><br>Consider this list compiled by Nathan Torkington <gnat@<a href="http://frii.com" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">frii.com</a>>:<br><br>1. comp.lang.perl.moderated is for questions on the Perl language.  If<br>   you're interested in reading the group's charter, please go to<br><br>        <<a href="http://URL:http://perl.plover.com/clpm/charter" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">URL:http://perl.plover.com/clpm/charter</a>><br><br>   Don't forget that there is also an unmoderated group for discussion<br>   of the Perl language, comp.lang.perl.misc, for topics that do not<br>   fall within the bounds of clpmod's charter.<br><br>   Try <a href="http://comp.infosystems.www.authoring.cgi" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">comp.infosystems.www.authoring.cgi</a> for questions on the CGI part<br>   of CGI scripts.  The two leading blocks of reusable code for CGI<br>   purposes are CGI.pm, at<br><br>        <<a href="http://URL:ftp://genome.wi.mit.edu/pub/software/WWW/cgi_docs.html" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">URL:ftp://genome.wi.mit.edu/pub/software/WWW/cgi_docs.html</a>><br><br>        <<a href="http://URL:http://www.cpan.org/modules/by-module/CGI" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">URL:http://www.cpan.org/modules/by-module/CGI</a>/><br><br>   and cgi-lib.pl, at<br><br>        <<a href="http://URL:http://cgi-lib.berkeley.edu" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">URL:http://cgi-lib.berkeley.edu</a>/><br><br>   You might also want to check out libwww-perl at<br><br>        <<a href="http://URL:http://www.linpro.no/lwp" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">URL:http://www.linpro.no/lwp</a>/><br><br>        <<a href="http://URL:http://www.cpan.org/modules/by-module/LWP" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">URL:http://www.cpan.org/modules/by-module/LWP</a>/><br><br>2. Are you using the following?<br><br>        #!/usr/bin/perl -w<br>        use diagnostics;<br>        use strict;<br><br>   "-w" turns on all sorts of warnings about probable errors (see the<br>   perldiag manpage), "use diagnostics" causes the "-w" warnings to be<br>   explained in greater detail (with the explanations from the perldiag<br>   manpage), and "use strict" generates compile and run-time errors for<br>   certain unsafe variable, reference and subroutine constructs (see the<br>   strict manpage)<br><br>3. Have you read the Perl FAQ?  Many questions on sockets programming,<br>   an important and common problem with Solaris, text manipulation and<br>   the jargon of perl are answered in the FAQ.  As well as being posted<br>   regularly to comp.lang.perl.misc, the FAQ is on the web at:<br><br>        <<a href="http://URL:http://www.cpan.org/doc/FAQs/FAQ/html" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">URL:http://www.cpan.org/doc/FAQs/FAQ/html</a>/><br> <br>4. Have you read the man pages?  Here are some subjects and the man<br>   pages to look in:<br><br>        Objects         perltoot, perlref, perlmod, perlobj, perltie<br>        Data Structures perlreftut, perlref, perllol, perldsc<br>        Modules         perlmod, perlsub, perlmodlib<br>        Regexps         perlre, perlfunc, perlop<br>                        <<a href="http://URL:http://www.cpan.org/doc/FMTEYEWTK" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">URL:http://www.cpan.org/doc/FMTEYEWTK</a>/><br>                        (not a man-page but still useful)<br>        Moving to perl5 perltrap, perl<br>        Linking w/C     perlxstut, perlxs, perlcall, perlguts, perlembed<br><br>   The man page for "perltoc" provides a crude table of contents for the<br>   perl man page set.<br><br>5. Have you tried archives of Usenet?  Google Groups, available on<br>   the web at <<a href="http://URL:http://groups.google.com" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">URL:http://groups.google.com</a>/>, offers an archive of<br>   postings to Usenet that reaches further back than Larry Wall's<br>   initial public release of Perl in December 1987.<br><br>   Be sure to include "Perl" in your search.<br><br>6. Are you checking the return values from the functions built in to<br>   perl?  Most of the file and system functions set $! and have return<br>   values that you can test thus:<br><br>        open(PASSWD, "</etc/passwd") or<br>            die "error opening /etc/passwd: $!\n";<br><br>   $! will contain an error message that will give you more information<br>   on where your program is going wrong.  The perlfunc man page will<br>   give you more information on the return values from functions.<br><br>7. Have you looked at <<a href="http://URL:http://www.perl.com" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">URL:http://www.perl.com</a>>?  This is a great<br>   online reference, with documentation, pointers to modules in the<br>   Comprehensive Perl Archive Network (CPAN), articles on the inner<br>   workings of many bits of Perl, and more.<br><br>7.5. Have you checked to see if a Perl module satisfies your needs?<br>   Many reusable modules are available for immediate download and use.<br>   See <<a href="http://URL:http://www.cpan.org/modules/00modlist.long.html" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">URL:http://www.cpan.org/modules/00modlist.long.html</a>> for details.<br><br>8. The latest version of the "Camel Book" ("Programming Perl"),<br>   updated for version 5.6, is available from your bookstore or from<br>   <<a href="http://URL:http://www.ora.com" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">URL:http://www.ora.com</a>/>.<br><br>   Another excellent dead tree resource is the first and only periodical<br>   devoted to Perl, The Perl Journal.  In fact, several moderators have<br>   even contributed to TPJ.  Find it on the web at<br><br>       <<a href="http://URL:http://www.tpj.com" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">URL:http://www.tpj.com</a>/><br><br>   Check out (free!) example code from past issues at<br><br>       <<a href="http://URL:http://www.tpj.com/tpj/programs" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">URL:http://www.tpj.com/tpj/programs</a>/><br><br>9. To find the source code for the latest releases of all supported<br>   branches of Perl, visit<br><br>        <<a href="http://URL:http://www.cpan.org/src/README.html" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">URL:http://www.cpan.org/src/README.html</a>><br><br>   (Look in <<a href="http://URL:http://www.cpan.org/SITES.html" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">URL:http://www.cpan.org/SITES.html</a>> for a list of FTP-based<br>   mirrors.)<br><br>10. Remember, USENET newsgroups are based on the idea of mutual aid.<br>   USENET only works if we put as much into it as we get out of it.<br>   Good luck with your Perl work.<br><br>------------------------------------<br><br>Subject: 4. How do I post to clpmod?<br>====================================<br><br>Posting to moderated newsgroups should be no different than posting to<br>unmoderated newsgroups.  In case the configuration at your site is<br>broken, you may email your submission directly to<br><br>    <mjd-clpm-submit@<a href="http://plover.com" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">plover.com</a>><br><br>If you're not sure whether the moderation panel has received your post,<br>feel free to contact the moderation panel's administrative address:<br><br>    <mjd-clpm-admin@<a href="http://plover.com" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">plover.com</a>><br><br>New posters will automatically receive a list of Perl resources and a<br>registration form to fill out and return.  All submissions from a new<br>or unregistered poster will be held in escrow until their registration<br>form has been returned and accepted, after which all articles will be<br>distributed to members of the moderation team for consideration.<br><br>------------------------------------<br><br>Subject: 5. What about crossposting to other moderated groups?<br>==============================================================<br><br>Crossposting to multiple moderated newsgroups is a headache for everyone<br>involved.  From posters' perspective, posting to multiple moderated<br>newsgroups requires at least one more fascist to declare a fiat and,<br>hence, delays the injection of their posts into Usenet.  From moderators'<br>perspective, it's an administrative hassle because the moderators of all<br>moderated groups in the Newsgroups: header must approve each article,<br>so moderators must shuffle paperwork among themselves for a while before<br>the article will appear in the newsgroups.  (This is why most moderated<br>groups automatically reject articles crossposted to multiple moderated<br>groups.)<br><br>Before crossposting to clpmod and another moderated newsgroup, please<br>consider whether it's worth all the headaches and delays.  The moderator<br>of comp.lang.perl.announce, for instance, has indicated that he'll rarely<br>approve an article crossposted to clpmod and comp.lang.perl.announce.<br>If you feel that your article absolutely must appear in multiple<br>moderated groups, please trim the Followup-To: header so that followups<br>will appear in at most one moderated group.<br><br>------------------------------------<br><br>Subject: 6. Will I receive a rejection notice if my submission is rejected?<br>===========================================================================<br><br>Absolutely.  Always.  Without fail.  Yes.  In case this isn't clear:<br><br>    POSTS ARE NEVER REJECTED SILENTLY.<br><br>If your post hasn't shown up in the newsgroup and you haven't received<br>a rejection notice within a day or two of posting, it is almost certain<br>that the moderation panel has not received your submission.  If you<br>would like to verify that your post is, in fact, in the hands of the<br>moderation panel, contact the panel administrator at<br><br>    <mjd-clpm-admin@<a href="http://plover.com" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">plover.com</a>><br><br>------------------------------------<br><br>Subject: 7. Why do I have to register to post?<br>==============================================<br><br>Since the recent Internet explosion, the typical Usenet poster has<br>changed somewhat.  For example, many sites used to require people to<br>read the periodic posts in news.announce.newusers before they could post<br>to Usenet at all.  These days, it seems like no one even knows what the<br>purpose of news.announce.newusers is.  People didn't always think of<br>Usenet as their free helpdesk to which they should send their urgent<br>questions.  This isn't the fault of the new users, but their sheer<br>volume makes it very difficult to educate them.<br><br>The registration system has a few advantages.  One of which is new<br>posters receive a nice list of Perl resources.  This is good because it<br>increases their chances of finding an answer as well as increases the<br>quality of the answers they'll find.  Some weeks on clpmisc feature a<br>set of posters of whom half have never posted to the group before.  This<br>suggests that they probably haven't browsed through many Perl resources.<br>Holding posts in escrow also makes the lives of the volunteer moderation<br>panel a little easier.<br><br>------------------------------------<br><br>Subject: 8. Won't registering make me an easy target for spammers?<br>==================================================================<br><br>Many potential readers raised this concern during the process of<br>creating clpmod.  It is our desire to make clpmod as useful as possible<br>to as many people as possible, and the threat of spam outweighs the<br>potential usefulness for some people.  We promised to support header<br>munging until a better solution to the spam problem comes along.<br><br>After posting to the group for the first time, the response you receive<br>will outline exactly how to go about arranging to munge your From:<br>header.  To register a munged address before posting, bug a moderator.<br><br>------------------------------------<br><br>Subject: 9. How can I register a munged address?<br>================================================<br><br>Before registering a munged address, please read the Address Munging<br>FAQ at <<a href="http://URL:http://www.faqs.org/faqs/net-abuse-faq/munging-address" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">URL:http://www.faqs.org/faqs/net-abuse-faq/munging-address</a>/>.<br><br>If you would like to munge your From: header (e.g., luser@<a href="http://NOSPAM-foo.com" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">NOSPAM-foo.com</a>),<br>send a message to mjd-clpm-register@<a href="http://plover.com" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">plover.com</a> with a line in the body<br>of your message that looks like this:<br><br>    Address: luser@<a href="http://NOSPAM-foo.com" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">NOSPAM-foo.com</a><br><br>where the bits after the colon form the address that will appear in the<br>From: headers of your posts.  NOTE: doing this will cause<br>`X-Unverified-Address: yes' to be included in the headers of each of<br>your posts from that address.<br><br>------------------------------------<br><br>Subject: 10. Isn't header munging prohibited by the RFCs?<br>=========================================================<br><br>Though some readings of the RFCs (RFC stands for Request for Comment--<br>these documents serve as Internet Standards; see<br><<a href="http://URL:http://info.internet.isi.edu/7c/in-notes/rfc/.cache" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">URL:http://info.internet.isi.edu/7c/in-notes/rfc/.cache</a>> to search<br>for RFCs on a certain subject) prohibit spam blocking or header munging,<br>the desire to avoid spam is legitimate.<br><br>We realize that there are many positions on this sometimes controversial<br>topic.  In fact, if you do not wish to see posts with a munged From:<br>header, feel free to killfile those posts.  All posters who register<br>under a munged address will have the following header included in all<br>approved articles:<br><br>    X-Unverified-Address: yes<br><br>Newsreaders with decent killfile functionality will allow people who<br>don't want to read articles with unrepliable addresses to avoid hair<br>pulling.<br><br>Keep in mind, however, that an article that does not contain the<br>X-Unverified-Address: header is not necessarily automatically<br>repliable.  People's addresses do change and configuration errors do<br>occur.  If an article does not have the X-Unverified-Address: header,<br>that means we were able to send mail to it once--the address may no<br>longer be valid.  An easy rule of thumb is the X-Unverified-Address:<br>header (or lack thereof) is merely an indication and not a definitive<br>statement.<br><br>------------------------------------<br><br>Subject: 11. If I've already registered, can I post from another address?<br>========================================================================<br><br>If you want to post from an address that you haven't registered for<br>whatever reason, you can put the address you *have* registered in an<br>X-Real-Address header of your message, like:<br><br>    X-Real-Address: foo@<a href="http://example.com" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">example.com</a><br><br>If foo@<a href="http://example.com" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">example.com</a> has been registered, a post with the above header<br>will be treated like it was from a registered address, except that it<br>will have `X-Unverified-Address: yes' added to the headers.<br><br>------------------------------------<br><br>Subject: 12. Is there a mailing list mirror of clpmod?<br>======================================================<br><br>It is possible to subscribe to comp.lang.perl.moderated as a mailing<br>list.  This is provided as a general service for those people who cannot<br>receive the newsgroup for whatever reason or who just prefer to receive<br>messages via email.<br><br>To receive clpmod via email (or to change your mind later), send a<br>message to<br><br>    <clpm-request@<a href="http://lists.eyrie.org" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">lists.eyrie.org</a>><br><br>with subscribe or unsubscribe in the *Subject*.  Another way is to<br>use the form at the following URL:<br><br>    <<a href="http://URL:http://lists.eyrie.org/mailman/listinfo/clpm" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">URL:http://lists.eyrie.org/mailman/listinfo/clpm</a>><br><br>The traffic on the mailing list will be the same as what is posted to the<br>newsgroup, and the submission address for the mailing list goes to the<br>submission address for the newsgroup.  This mailing list is therefore in<br>essence moderated via the same mechanism and with the same policies as the<br>newsgroup.<br><br>If there are any questions or problems, feel free to contact Russ Allbery.<br><br>------------------------------------<br><br>Subject: 13. Who are the moderators?<br>===================================<br><br>The moderators are Mark Jason Dominus, Russ Allbery, Greg Bacon,<br>Hildo Biersma, and Tad McClellan.<br><br>------------------------------------<br><br>Subject: 14. About this posting<br>==============================<br><br>(c) Copyright 1998-2001 by the clpmod moderators, all rights<br>reserved.  Redistribution of this document is hereby freely granted so<br>long as the document is redistributed in its entirety (here<br>interpreted as all text which were not automated generated by software<br>as part of the distribution process); in particular, with attributions<br>and this copyright notice.  We would appreciate hearing about any<br>interesting redistributions.<br><br>Comments about, suggestions about or corrections to this posting are  <br>welcomed.  If you would like to ask us to change this posting in some <br>way, the method we appreciate most is for you to actually make the  <br>desired modifications to a copy of the posting, and then to send us the <br>modified posting, or a context diff between the posted version and your <br>modified version (if you do the latter, make sure to include in your <br>mail the "Version:" line from the posted version).  Submitting changes <br>in this way makes dealing with them easier for us and helps to avoid <br>misunderstandings about what you are suggesting.<br><br>Many people have in the past provided feedback and corrections; we <br>thank them for their input.  Remaining ambiguities, errors, and <br>difficult-to-read passages are not their fault. :) <br><br> -- The clpmod moderation panel<br><br>------------------------------------<br>
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	<pubDate>Mon, 21 Jul 2008 15:58:35 PDT</pubDate>
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	<title><![CDATA[Spam Cancel in at.* (FAQ)]]></title>
	<guid>http://www.nnseek.com/e/news.answers/spam_cancel_in_at_faq_196529125t.html</guid>
	<link>http://www.nnseek.com/e/news.answers/spam_cancel_in_at_faq_196529125t.html</link>
	<description><![CDATA[<br>Archive-name: usenet/spam-cancel-in-at<br>Posting-frequency: monthly<br>URL: <a href="http://www.pfeifer.com/gerald/spam" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.pfeifer.com/gerald/spam</a>/<br><br><br>Spam Cancel in at.* (FAQ)<br>=========================<br><br>Version: 1.13<br>Autor: Gerald Pfeifer <gerald@<a href="http://pfeifer.com" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">pfeifer.com</a>><br><br><br>EMP UND ECP: SPAM<br><br>Wird eine -- im Wesentlichen unveränderte -- Nachricht mehrmals jeweils <br>als eigenes Posting abgesetzt (egal ob in unterschiedliche Gruppen oder <br>auch nur in eine einzige), so wird die Summe all dieser Postings als EMP<br>(excessive multiple posting, meist einfach Spam) bezeichnet. <br><br>Gelangt hingegen ein Nachricht durch Crossposten in eine "große"<br>Anzahl von Gruppen, so spricht man von ECP (excessive cross-posting,<br>Velveeta).<br><br>Allgemein hat es sich eingebürgert, sowohl EMP als auch ECP, als<br>auch eine Kombination dieser beiden einfach als SPAM zu bezeichnen.<br>(Man beachte, daß Spam also ein rein technisches und kein<br>inhaltliches Kriterium darstellt.)<br><br><br>PROBLEMATIK <br><br>"Bei Spam geht es nur z.T. um Ressourcen im Sinne von Bandbreite <br>und Plattenplatz. Es geht vor allem um die Erhaltung des Usenets <br>als Platz, gezielt Informationen auszutauschen."<br>[ Otmar Lendl <lendl@<a href="http://cosy.sbg.ac.at" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">cosy.sbg.ac.at</a>> ]<br><br>"das eine ist, überhaupt einen newsserver betreiben zu können <br>angesichts der volums-explosion. das andere ist, die news auch <br>_verwenden_ zu können -- und bei der beschränkten zeit, die ich <br>zum lesen habe, will ich mir nicht auch noch die laune von [SPAM] <br>verderben lassen..."<br>[ Christian Mock <cm@kukuruz.ping.at> ] <br><br>"Undifferenziertes Posten einer Nachricht in viele Newsgroups<br>widerspricht den Konventionen des Usenets, da es <br>1. Ressourcen vergeudet<br>2. die Leser durch Wiederholungen irritiert<br>3. die Einteilung in Gruppen nach Themen ignoriert.<br>Damit das Usenet nicht in Spam (und Antworten darauf) ertrinkt,<br>werden diese Nachrichten zum Canceln freigegeben."<br>[ Otmar Lendl <lendl@<a href="http://cosy.sbg.ac.at" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">cosy.sbg.ac.at</a>> ]<br><br><br>CANCELN<br><br>Es herrscht ein weitgehender Konsens darüber, daß Spams einen<br>Mißbrauch des Mediums Usenet darstellen und als solcher mit<br>geeigneten Mitteln gegen sie vorgegangen werden soll. Eines dieser<br>Mittel ist nun das Canceln, sprich Löschen, von ebensolchen Postings.<br><br>Jeder Autor bzw. sein Systemadministrator hat natürlich das Recht<br>dies jederzeit selbst durchzuführen. Das Canceln von dritter Seite,<br>meist Fremdcanceln genannt, ist erfahrungsgemäß umstritten. Daher<br>wurden für die Newshierarchie at.* in der zuständigen Gruppe <br>at.usenet eigene Richtlinien diskutiert und festgelegt.<br><br><br>WANN?<br><br>Um zu objektiven Kriterien zu gelangen, erweist es sich als<br>erforderlich, die Festlegung "groß" in den obigen Definitionen<br>mathematisch zu präzisieren:<br><br>Der Cancel-Index eines einzelnen Postings berechnet sich als 3 plus<br>Anzahl der Gruppen, an die dieses Posting geschickt wurde. Der Index<br>mehrerer Postings ist die Summe der Indices der einzelnen Postings.<br><br>In der at.* Hierarchie wird eine Menge von -- im wesentlichen<br>unveränderten -- Postings in diesem Kontext QUALIFIZIERTER SPAM<br>genannt, wenn der Cancel-Index dieser Menge in sämtlichen Gruppen<br>innerhalb eines 45-Tage-Fensters die Schranke 11 überschreitet.<br><br><br>Für die Sub-Hierarchie at.anzeigen.* wurde in einer Abstimmung im<br>Oktober 1999 eine strengere Regelung beschlossen; hier liegt die<br>Schranke für den Cancel-Index bei 4 innerhalb eines 14-Tage Fensters.<br><br>(Dieses Limit ist bereits mit dem Posten eines Artikels in eine<br>at.anzeigen.* Gruppe erreicht. Daher ist es frühestens nach Ablauf<br>von 14 Tagen möglich, einen Artikel erneut zu posten.)<br><br><br>Anmerkungen 1: "im wesentlichen unverändert" stellt natürlich <br>keine Definition im logischen Sinn dar. Eine solche zu formulieren<br>ist aber -- unter anderem der Meinung des Autors nach, der für die <br>Widerlegung den Preis eines Abendessens aussetzt -- unmöglich.<br>Für weitere Hinweise dazu sei auf [Lewi] verwiesen.<br><br>Anmerkung 2: Das längere Fenster hat sich eingebürgert, um auch <br>"schleichenden" Spam, der sich über Wochen verteilt, erfassen zu<br>können. Beim Posten von regelmäßigen Nachrichten wie FAQs und <br>Preislisten sollte jedenfalls "Supersedes:" verwendet werden, wodurch<br>das neue Posting das alte ersetzt.)<br><br><br>WIE?<br><br>Sämtliche Teile eines qualifizierten Spams sind in der Newshierarchie<br>at.* zum Canceln freigegeben, sofern auch <br><br>a) die entsprechenden Konventionen ($alz convention, "X-Cancelled-By:"<br>   Header und Pseudo-Site cyberspam!usenet im "Path:") eingehalten <br>   werden;<br>b) eine Liste der Message-IDs aller gecancelter Postings sowie eine <br>   Kopie sämtlicher Header zumindest eines dieser Postings mit einer<br>   kurzen Erklärung nach at.usenet.cancel-reports gepostet wird -- das<br>   Subject dieses Postings sollte den Präfix "Spam cancelled" tragen; <br>c) der Urheber des Spams, sofern aus den "From:" oder "Sender:"<br>   Headern erkennbar, darüber informiert wird.<br><br>Achtung: Freigegeben sind nur Postings, in deren "Newsgroup:" Header<br>zumindest eine at.* Gruppe aufscheint. Bei ECP nehmen wir dabei in<br>Kauf, daß damit fallweise auch in nicht at.* Gruppen gecancelt wird.<br><br>Bei Crosspostings in moderierte Gruppen werden derlei Cancels üblicher-<br>weise nur durch die Moderatoren oder in Absprache mit ihnen durchgeführt.<br><br>Zusätzlich zu den at.*-spezifischen Regelungen dieser FAQ behalten auch <br>die allgemeinen Usenet Regelungen (siehe [Lewi]) ihre Gültigkeit.<br><br><br>WEITERFÜHRENDE LITERATUR<br><br>[Heng] "FAQ: The Newsgroup Care Cancel Cookbook", Rosalind Hengeveld<br>        <a href="http://www.xs4all.nl/~rosalind/faq-care.html" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.xs4all.nl/~rosalind/faq-care.html</a><br>[Kirc] "Warum soll ich mich an die Regeln halten?", Uwe Tetzlaff<br>        <a href="http://www.kirchwitz.de/~amk/dni/warum-regeln" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.kirchwitz.de/~amk/dni/warum-regeln</a><br>[Lewi] "FAQ: Current Usenet spam thresholds and guidelines", Chris Lewis<br>        <a href="http://news:news.admin.net-abuse.usenet" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">news:news.admin.net-abuse.usenet</a><br>        <a href="http://www.killfile.org/~tskirvin/faqs/spam.html" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.killfile.org/~tskirvin/faqs/spam.html</a><br>[Skir] "Cancel Messages FAQ", Tim Skirvin<br>        <a href="http://www.killfile.org/~tskirvin/faqs/cancel.html" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.killfile.org/~tskirvin/faqs/cancel.html</a><br>[SoFa] "Net Abuse FAQ", Scott Southwick und J.D. Falk<br>        <a href="http://www.cybernothing.org/faqs/net-abuse-faq.html" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.cybernothing.org/faqs/net-abuse-faq.html</a><br><br>
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	<pubDate>Mon, 21 Jul 2008 02:28:00 PDT</pubDate>
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	<title><![CDATA[Competitive Figure Skating FAQ: References]]></title>
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	<description><![CDATA[<br>Archive-name: sports/skating/ice/figure/references<br>Last-modified: 20 Jul 2008<br><br><br>                      COMPETITIVE FIGURE SKATING FAQ:<br>                      ===============================<br><br>                                REFERENCES<br>                                ==========<br><br>This article is part of the FAQ list for (amateur) competitive figure<br>skating.  This section contains references to other sources of<br>information about the sport.<br><br>This FAQ list is posted monthly to rec.sport.skating.ice.figure.  It is<br>available in both plain-text and HTML/Web versions.  You can get to the<br>HTML version from SkateWeb at URL:<br><br><a href="http://www.frogsonice.com/skateweb" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.frogsonice.com/skateweb</a>/<br><br>---------------------------------------------------------------------------<br><br>Table of Contents<br><br>  * [1] Are there any good books about figure skating?<br>  * [2] What about magazines?<br>  * [3] Are there any other figure skating resources on the net?<br>  * [4] Where can I find skating videos online?<br>  * [5] Who wrote this FAQ list?<br>  * [6] Can I redistribute this FAQ list?<br><br>---------------------------------------------------------------------------<br><br>[1] Are there any good books about figure skating?<br><br>    A recommended book about the technical aspects of figure skating is<br>    John Misha Petkevich's "Figure Skating: Championship Techniques"<br>    (ISBN 0-452-26209-7), published by Sports Illustrated and available<br>    in many bookstores.  It's a trade-sized paperback, and features<br>    photos of Brian Boitano.<br><br>    "Artistry on Ice", by Nancy Kerrigan with Mary Spencer (ISBN<br>    0-7360-3697-0), is also a useful how-to book.  It's slightly less<br>    technical in its approach than the Petkevich book but includes more<br>    material on pair skating, off-ice training, and competition<br>    preparation.  "Figure Skating for Dummies", by Kristi Yamaguchi and<br>    Christy Ness with Jody Meacham (<a href="http://www.dummies.com" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.dummies.com</a>/, ISBN<br>    0-7645-5084-5), focuses more on competitive skating than on the<br>    details of technique.  It covers much the same ground as this FAQ.<br>    One caveat:  do not confuse the "cheat sheet" for scoring with the<br>    actual rules used by judges.  For that, you'll need a current copy of<br>    the official rulebook.<br><br>    The complete ISU regulations (governing international competitions in<br>    figure skating) are available for download in PDF format from the ISU<br>    web site at <a href="http://www.isu.org" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.isu.org</a>/.  They also sell printed copies and<br>    other materials such as judging handbooks and instructional videos.<br><br>    The US Figure Skating rulebook includes complete competition and<br>    eligibility rules, diagrams of compulsory figures and dances, and a<br>    directory of participating clubs.  It comes in a loose-leaf binder<br>    and costs about $10.  It's updated yearly, in the fall.<br><br>    You can order a copy directly from US Figure Skating, at:<br><br>    20 First Street, Colorado Springs, CO 80906<br>    (719)-635-5200<br>    <a href="http://www.usfigureskating.org" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.usfigureskating.org</a>/<br>    usfigureskating@<a href="http://usfigureskating.org" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">usfigureskating.org</a><br><br>    You might also be able to buy a copy through your local skating club<br>    or pro shop.<br><br>    Beverly Smith's book "Figure Skating: A Celebration" (McClelland &<br>    Stewart, ISBN 0-7710-2819-9) is an excellent source of information<br>    about the history of the sport.  It's a large hardcover book,<br>    featuring many photographs of famous skaters.  There's now a trade<br>    paperback edition available.<br><br>    The "Skater's Edge Sourcebook" is also a useful reference. It's<br>    primarily a directory of skating rinks, equipment manufacturers and<br>    dealers, skating associations, etc. but also contains addresses for<br>    fan mail/agents, lists of medalists from past competitions, and<br>    information about books and videos.  Now in an updated third (2003)<br>    edition.  The cost is $35 plus shipping; order from:<br><br>    Skater's Edge Sourcebook, Box 500, Kensington MD 20895<br>    <a href="http://skatersedgemag.com" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://skatersedgemag.com</a><br>    (301)-946-1971<br><br>    One book you should definitely avoid is called "The Encyclopedia of<br>    Figure Skating".  It's full of errors and is not a reliable source of<br>    information.<br><br>[2] What about magazines?<br><br>    Here is a list of the more popular periodicals which deal with<br>    skating.  (Disclaimer: this isn't intended as a commercial<br>    endorsement of any of these publications.  Also, you might want to<br>    double-check the subscription rates, since they may have changed<br>    since this information was collected.)<br><br>    A more complete list of skating publications, including<br>    foreign-language publications and fan newsletters, is available on<br>    the web at <a href="http://www.jbmittan.com/pubs.htm" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.jbmittan.com/pubs.htm</a>.<br><br>    SKATING<br>    20 First Street<br>    Colorado Springs, CO 80906-3697<br>    719-635-5200<br>    <a href="http://www.usfigureskating.org/Magazine.asp" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.usfigureskating.org/Magazine.asp</a><br>    10 issues/year<br>    $25/US, $35/Canada, $45/other countries<br><br>    Official magazine of the United States Figure Skating Association.<br>    Profiles of skaters, competition and tour reports, articles about<br>    participant skating at all levels.  Focus on US eligible skaters.<br>    The feature articles and competition reports are often shallow,<br>    simplistic, and excessively "politically correct", but it's useful as<br>    a source of USFSA information and for archival competition results.<br>    Most photos are tiny.<br><br>    BLADES ON ICE<br>    7040 N. Mona Lisa Road<br>    Tuscson, AZ 85741<br>    Phone: 602-575-1747<br>    Fax: 602-575-1484<br>    <a href="http://BladesOnIce.com/mag" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://BladesOnIce.com/mag</a>/<br>    6 issues/year<br>    $29/US<br><br>    This magazine is available on newsstands as well as by subscription.<br>    Magazine with news, interviews, competition reports; coverage of both<br>    professional and eligible skaters.  Feature interviews and<br>    competition reports are in-depth and detailed.  Many full-page color<br>    photographs.  Recommended.<br><br>    INTERNATIONAL FIGURE SKATING<br>    Mavador Media<br>    PO Box 595<br>    Boston, MA 02117<br>    1-800-437-5828<br>    info@<a href="http://ifsmagazine.com" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">ifsmagazine.com</a><br>    <a href="http://www.ifsmagazine.com" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.ifsmagazine.com</a>/<br>    6 issues/year US: $22.97, Canada: $32(USD), international: $45(USD)<br><br>    As of May, 2004, IFS magazine is under new ownership as a result of a<br>    legal dispute involving its parent company.<br><br>    This magazine is available on newsstands as well as by subscription.<br>    Includes a mix of news and profiles, plus coverage of the business<br>    aspects of the sport.  More European skating news than other North<br>    American publications.<br><br>    PATINAGE MAGAZINE<br>    39 Bld de la Marne<br>    F-76000 Rouen<br>    France<br>    5 issues/year<br>    $30/US, $38(Canadian)/Canada<br><br>    Published in French w/ English translations.  The writing and/or<br>    translations leave a lot to be desired.  Initially made its<br>    reputation for having fabulous photography, but reports are that it<br>    has gone downhill.  Also notorious for pro-French editorial bias.<br><br>    SPOTLIGHT ON SKATING<br>    208 Mohawk Rd.<br>    Ancaster, ON, L9G 2W9<br>    Canada<br>    <a href="http://spotlightonskating.com" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://spotlightonskating.com</a>/<br>    4 issues/year<br>    $28.75/US, $32.20(Canadian)/Canada<br><br>    Canadian/international focus; skater profiles, competition and show<br>    reports.<br><br>    SKATER'S EDGE, AMERICAN SKATING WORLD and TRACINGS are no longer<br>    being published.<br><br>[3] Are there any other figure skating resources on the net?<br><br>    The best place to start is the SkateWeb page at<br>    <a href="http://www.frogsonice.com/skateweb" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.frogsonice.com/skateweb</a>/.  This web site includes an<br>    archive of skating pictures, the hypertext version of this FAQ list,<br>    a collection of reviews, articles, cartoons and humor, and an<br>    extensive collection of links to official skater web sites and fan<br>    pages, skating webzines, the official web sites of various skating<br>    federations and clubs, competition and tour web sites,<br>    skating-related businesses, and archival competition results and<br>    other reference material.<br><br>    The Skatefans mailing list is for spectator-oriented discussion of<br>    figure skating.  For subscription information, visit<br>    <a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/group/SkateFans" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://groups.yahoo.com/group/SkateFans</a>.  Note that this is a fairly<br>    busy mailing list, and if you can't handle getting a hundred or more<br>    messages per day in your mailbox you may want to subscribe only in<br>    digest mode, or read the messages from the web archive instead.<br><br>    You can also find links to quite a few specialized mailing lists at<br>    SkateWeb, such as those devoted to discussion of particular skaters,<br>    and to participant skating.<br><br>    For more background and reference material on figure skating, check<br>    out the main entry for figure skating on Wikipedia, the free<br>    encyclopedia that anyone can contribute to.  It can be reached at<br>    <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figure_skating" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figure_skating</a>.<br><br>[4] Where can I find skating videos online?<br><br>    The Figure Skating Videos message board has an active community of<br>    users who share skating videos using external file-sharing servers.<br>    Videos of current events usually show up here within 24 hours of the<br>    time they are broadcast.  Many people have also contributed videos of<br>    historic interest from their tape collections.  You can access this<br>    board at<br><br>    <a href="http://www.fsvids.net" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.fsvids.net</a>/<br><br>    US Figure Skating has made videos of current-season qualifying events<br>    available on "The Ice Network".<br><br>    <a href="http://www.icenetwork.com" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.icenetwork.com</a>/<br><br>    CCTV-5, the Chinese sports channel, carries live and/or same-day<br>    coverage of many international skating events, and can be viewed over<br>    the Internet with PPLive, free peer-to-peer software which again runs<br>    on Windows only.  It can be downloaded at<br><br>    <a href="http://www.pplive.com" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.pplive.com</a>/<br><br>    CN8, a cable channel provided by Comcast which covers a number of<br>    East-coast skating events each year, offers live webcasts of their<br>    programming at their web site,<br><br>    <a href="http://www.cn8.tv" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.cn8.tv</a>/<br><br>    You can find many skating videos using the search feature at YouTube:<br><br>    <a href="http://www.youtube.com" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.youtube.com</a>/<br><br>    A general resource for locating streaming webcasts of television<br>    broadcasts from around the world is at<br><br>    <a href="http://tv4all.com" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://tv4all.com</a>/<br><br>    In particular, in the past RAI Sport (from Italy) has carried live or<br>    same-day coverage of major competitions such as the World<br>    Championships and Olympic Games.<br><br>    For information about possible webcasts of other skating events,<br>    check the appropriate competition websites.  You can also usually<br>    find information about how to connect to webcasts of current events<br>    on most of the major skating mailing lists and message boards where<br>    current events are discussed.<br><br>[5] Who wrote this FAQ list?<br><br>    My name is Sandra Loosemore.  I've followed the sport for many years,<br>    although I've never been more than a recreational skater myself.  In<br>    "real life" I have a PhD in computer science, and I work as a<br>    software engineer.  I also have some professional experience as a<br>    technical writer.<br><br>    Some of the information in the FAQ is taken from the ISU and USFSA<br>    rulebooks.  I also incorporated suggestions from Helena Robinson,<br>    Fred Chapman, Ann Schmidt, Mary Kolencik, Stephen Kawalko, Louis<br>    Epstein, and many others.  Janet Pooley sent me the list of European<br>    champions, and Fiona McQuarrie supplied the list of Canadian<br>    champions.  The list of World Junior champions was sent to me by Jay<br>    Miller of "Skating" magazine.  The information about magazines was<br>    provided by Deborah Reed-Margetan, with updates from Barry Mittan.<br>    George Robbins, Trudi Marrapodi, and others contributed to the<br>    netiquette section.  Ellyn Kestnbaum and Janet Swan Hill provided<br>    information about judging.<br><br>[6] Can I redistribute this FAQ list?<br><br>    Yes, provided that you do not charge money for it, and that you<br>    acknowledge the source and authorship.<br><br>
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	<pubDate>Sun, 20 Jul 2008 16:15:51 PDT</pubDate>
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	<title><![CDATA[FAQ - de.sci.architektur &lt;2007-03-12&gt;]]></title>
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	<description><![CDATA[Posted-By: auto-faq <a href="http://3.3.thh" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">3.3.thh</a> (Perl 5.008)<br>Archive-name: de/sci/architektur/faq<br>Posting-Frequency: weekly<br><br>Das deutschsprachige Diskussionsforum<br>über Architektur und artverwandte Themen.<br><br>Die Liste der häufig gestellten Fragen der news:de.sci.architektur<br>findet man ebenso online unter der Adresse <a href="http://dsa.bau-wesen.de" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://dsa.bau-wesen.de</a>/<br><br>________________________________________________________________________<br><br>DIE FRAGEN<br>________________________________________________________________________<br><br><br>A. Allgemeines über die Newsgroup<br><br>  I. Charta<br>  II. Andere NGs<br>  III. Spielregeln<br><br>B. Die Häufig gestellten Fragen<br><br>  I. Vor dem Studium (Architektur und Bauingenieurwesen)<br><br>   1. Wo finde ich Informationen über Studium und Beruf?<br>   2. Welche Seiten rund um Studium und Hochschule sollte man kennen?<br><br>  II. Über die Theorie (Austausch unter Kollegen)<br><br>   1. Gibt es Bauordnungen, Verordnungen und Regelwerke auch online?<br>   2. Wo finde ich entsprechende Formulare für Bauanträge etc.?<br>   3. Wann spricht man von Wohnfläche, wann von Nutzfläche?<br>   4. Was ändert sich mit der neuen Wohnflächenverordnung?<br>   5. Was sollte man über die Teilungserklärung nach § 8 WEG wissen?<br>   6. Wo findet man CAD-Symbole und Detailzeichnungen für Architekten?<br>   7. Was ist die GRZ, wie wird Sie berechnet und worauf ist zu achten?<br>   8. Wie kann ich HPGL, HPGL/2 & HP-RTL Daten konrollieren/drucken?<br>   9. Wie erzeuge ich PDF-Dateien als Alternative zu HPGL?<br><br>  III. Aus der Praxis (Fragen von Bauherren)<br><br>   1. Wie hoch ist das Honorar für einen Architekten?<br>   2. Was kostet mich mein Hausbau, wie ermittelt man Kosten?<br>   3. Was ist der Unterschied zwischen Weißer und Schwarzer Wanne?<br>   4. Wie sind Arbeits- und Schutzgerüste herzustellen?<br>   5. Was sollte man über Zementestrich wissen?<br><br>C. Wichtige Neuigkeiten<br><br>  08.01.2004 Die FAQ wird demnächst automatisch gepostet<br>  09.12.2003 Umzug der FAQ auf dsa.bau-wesen.de<br>  01.12.2003 Die DSA-FAQ hat Premiere<br>  13.11.2003 Entwurf FAQ - de.sci.architektur<br><br>________________________________________________________________________<br><br>DIE ANTWORTEN<br>________________________________________________________________________<br><br><br>A. Allgemeines über die Newsgroup<br>=======================================================================<br><br>I. Charta<br>-----------------------------------------------------------------------<br><br>Die Gruppe dient der Diskussion architekturbezogener Themen. Neben<br>allgemeinen architekturtheoretischen und städtebaulichen Aspekten<br>finden hier auch Veranstaltungen, Projekte, Wettbewerbe, Ausstellungen<br>mit Architekturbezug sowie Fragen der Aus- und Weiterbildung Platz.<br>Außerdem dient die Gruppe der gegenseitigen Hilfe und Unterstützung bei<br>Fragen und Problemen in der konkreten planerischen Arbeit.<br>Erwünscht sind auch Themen aus Innen- und Landschaftsarchitektur sowie<br>Kunst am Bau.<br><a href="http://purl.net/charta/de.sci.architektur" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://purl.net/charta/de.sci.architektur</a>/<br><br>II. Andere NGs<br>------------------------------------------------------------------------<br><br>Nicht immer ist die Newsgroup der Architekten die beste Wahl, weshalb<br>hier folgende NGs genannt sind, in denen man evtl. besser aufgehoben<br>wäre und evtl. hier posten sollte:<br>news:de.rec.heimwerken (Nützlich für Selberbauer, Umbau und Sanierung)<br>news:de.soc.studium (Diskussionen über das Thema Studium)<br><a href="http://news:de.comp.cad" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">news:de.comp.cad</a> oder <a href="http://www.cad.de" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.cad.de</a>/ (Fragen rund um CAD)<br>news:de.soc.recht.misc (Das Recht und die Anwälte)<br><br>III. Spielregeln<br>------------------------------------------------------------------------<br><br>Im Allgemeinen wünschen sich die Teilnehmer dieses Forums, daß die<br>allgemein gültigen Regeln des Usenets eingehalten werden. Deshalb bitte<br>keine Binaries, kein HTML, kein TOFU, kein Beleidigen etc.<br>Folgende Sites und NGs seien hier einmalig erwähnt:<br><a href="http://learn.to/quote" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://learn.to/quote</a>/<br><a href="http://news:de.newusers.info" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">news:de.newusers.info</a><br>news:de.newusers.questions<br><a href="http://news:de.soc.netzkultur.umgangsformen" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">news:de.soc.netzkultur.umgangsformen</a><br><br>Aber ebenso wie der Verstoß gegen solche Benimm Regeln, ist ständiges<br>Maßregeln unerwünscht. Ein freundlicher Hinweis und Ende. Ständige<br>Diskussionen mit Wiederholungstäter sind zwecklos und erhöhen den<br>Traffic unnötig.<br><a href="http://www.realname-diskussion.info/kennstdu.htm" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.realname-diskussion.info/kennstdu.htm</a><br><br><br>B. Die Häufig gestellten Fragen<br>========================================================================<br><br>I. Vor dem Studium (Architektur und Bauingenieurwesen)<br>------------------------------------------------------------------------<br><br>1. Wo finde ich Informationen über Studium und Beruf?<br><br>Informationen rund um das Studium, sowie Hochschulzahlen und Statistiken<br>findet man u.a. unter <a href="http://www.che.de" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.che.de</a>/ bzw. unter<br><a href="http://www.stern.de/hochschulranking" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.stern.de/hochschulranking</a>/<br>Über den Beruf Architekt informiert <a href="http://www.arbeitsamt.de" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.arbeitsamt.de</a>/ und<br><a href="http://www.bundesarchitektenkammer.de" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.bundesarchitektenkammer.de</a>/<br><br>2. Welche Seiten rund um Studium und Hochschule sollte man kennen?<br><br>Bayrisches Staatsministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst<br><a href="http://www.stmwfk.bayern.de" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.stmwfk.bayern.de</a>/<br>Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung<br><a href="http://www.das-neue-bafoeg.de" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.das-neue-bafoeg.de</a>/<br>Hessisches Ministerium für Wirtschaft und Kunst<br><a href="http://www.hmwk.hessen.de/studieren" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.hmwk.hessen.de/studieren</a>/<br>Interaktives Forum für Architekturstudenten<br><a href="http://www.archinoah.de" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.archinoah.de</a>/<br>Startseite und für Architekturstudenten<br><a href="http://www.candarch.de" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.candarch.de</a>/<br><br>II. Über die Theorie (Austausch unter Kollegen)<br>------------------------------------------------------------------------<br><br>1. Gibt es Bauordnungen, Verordnungen und Regelwerke auch online?<br><br>Baunutzungsverordnung<br><a href="http://bundesrecht.juris.de/bundesrecht/baunvo" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://bundesrecht.juris.de/bundesrecht/baunvo</a>/<br>Behindertengerechtes Bauen<br><a href="http://www.stmi.bayern.de/bauen/wohnungswesen/planung/08085/index.php" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.stmi.bayern.de/bauen/wohnungswesen/planung/08085/index.php</a><br>Landesbauordnungen Allgemein<br><a href="http://www.feuertrutz.de" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.feuertrutz.de</a>/<br>Landesbauordnung für Hessen (HBO)<br><a href="http://www.wirtschaft.hessen.de/irj/HMWVL_Internet?cid=0b330bb27aa071e04142c1e89df88dae" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.wirtschaft.hessen.de/irj/HMWVL_Internet?cid=0b330bb27aa071e04142c1e89...</a><br>Verordnung über Arbeitsstätten<br><a href="http://www.excel-arbeitsschutz.de/HTML/Arbeitsstaettenrecht.htm" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.excel-arbeitsschutz.de/HTML/Arbeitsstaettenrecht.htm</a><br><a href="http://www.sidiblume.de/info-lex/index.html" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.sidiblume.de/info-lex/index.html</a><br><a href="http://www.lfas.bayern.de/VORSCHRIFTEN/alles_auf_einen_blick" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.lfas.bayern.de/VORSCHRIFTEN/alles_auf_einen_blick</a>/<br><a href="http://www.gewerbeaufsicht.baden-wuerttemberg.de" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.gewerbeaufsicht.baden-wuerttemberg.de</a>/<br>VOB Teil A und Teil B<br><a href="http://www.bmvbw.de/Vergabe-und-Vertragsordnung-fuer-Bauleistungen-VOB-.716.htm" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.bmvbw.de/Vergabe-und-Vertragsordnung-fuer-Bauleistungen-VOB-.716.htm</a><br>Weitere Vorschriften Bayern<br><a href="http://www.bauen.bayern.de/vorschriften.htm" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.bauen.bayern.de/vorschriften.htm</a><br>Weitere Vorschriften Hessen<br><a href="http://www.wirtschaft.hessen.de/irj/HMWVL_Internet?cid=3ef37ff38d6c08f23e6720420fc96ae6" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.wirtschaft.hessen.de/irj/HMWVL_Internet?cid=3ef37ff38d6c08f23e6720420...</a><br><br>2. Wo finde ich entsprechende Formulare für Bauanträge etc.?<br><br>Baden Württemberg<br><a href="http://www.wm.baden-wuerttemberg.de/htm/bereich6/content6_3_4.htm" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.wm.baden-wuerttemberg.de/htm/bereich6/content6_3_4.htm</a><br><a href="http://www.hohenlohekreis.de/de/hohenlohekreis/kontakt/inhalt.html" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.hohenlohekreis.de/de/hohenlohekreis/kontakt/inhalt.html</a><br>Bayern<br><a href="http://www.bauen.bayern.de/baurecht/bauantragsformulare.htm" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.bauen.bayern.de/baurecht/bauantragsformulare.htm</a><br><a href="http://www.unterallgaeu.de/landratsamt/service/formulare.html" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.unterallgaeu.de/landratsamt/service/formulare.html</a><br>Bremen<br><a href="http://www.bauumwelt.bremen.de/Kap3/Kap3_4_2.html" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.bauumwelt.bremen.de/Kap3/Kap3_4_2.html</a><br>Bundesweit<br><a href="http://www.statistik-bw.de/baut/html/index.htm" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.statistik-bw.de/baut/html/index.htm</a><br><a href="https://www.statistik-bw.de/baut/servlet/LaenderServlet" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">https://www.statistik-bw.de/baut/servlet/LaenderServlet</a><br>Hamburg<br><a href="http://www.hamburg.de/Dibis/form/formulare_a-z.htm" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.hamburg.de/Dibis/form/formulare_a-z.htm</a><br>Hessen<br><a href="http://www.wirtschaft.hessen.de/irj/HMWVL_Internet?cid=8b55ad61bab87be4f3ef0a730a7447fb" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.wirtschaft.hessen.de/irj/HMWVL_Internet?cid=8b55ad61bab87be4f3ef0a730...</a><br>Nordrhein-Westfalen<br><a href="http://www.minden.de/sites/rathaus/baubuebue/antraege.html" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.minden.de/sites/rathaus/baubuebue/antraege.html</a><br>Sachsen<br><a href="http://dsa.bau-wesen.de/faq/KunzeTino/BauantragsformulareSachsen.zip" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://dsa.bau-wesen.de/faq/KunzeTino/BauantragsformulareSachsen.zip</a><br><br>3. Wann spricht man von Wohnfläche, wann von Nutzfläche?<br><br>Die DIN 277 ist generell einzusetzen, wenn es um Grundflächen jeglicher<br>Art geht, z.B. um Flächen- oder Kostenkennwerte von Bauwerken allgemein<br>verläßlich vergleichen zu können.<br><a href="http://www.cadress.de/htmsites/art-2771.htm" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.cadress.de/htmsites/art-2771.htm</a><br><br>Die II. BV hingegen kommt dann zur Anwendung, wenn die Rede von<br>Wohnfläche ist, die nur hier explizit als solche benannt wird, was<br>besonders im Falle von öffentlicher Wohnbauförderung, Baufinanzierung<br>und Vermietung zu beachten ist.<br><a href="http://www.cadress.de/htmsites/art-iibv.htm" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.cadress.de/htmsites/art-iibv.htm</a><br><br>4. Was ändert sich mit der neuen Wohnflächenverordnung?<br><br>Leider einiges, wenn man es genau nimmt. Die neue WoFlV tritt zum<br>01.01.2004 in Kraft, und ersetzt bisher geltenden Vorschriften von §§<br>42 bis 44 der II. BV.<br>Die wesentlichen Änderungen sind:<br>- Terrassen werden künftig zur Wohnfläche hinzugerechnet.<br>- Die Ermittlung der Wohnfläche nach den lichten Maßen.<br>- Abzug für Putz in Höhe von 3%% ist nicht mehr vorgesehen.<br>- Flächen von Erkern und Wandschränken werden einbezogen.<br>- Grundflächen Vormauerungen, Pfeilern etc. bleiben außer acht.<br>- Berücksichtigung von Ablagemöglichkeit.<br>- Raumteile unter Treppen werden wie Dachschrägen mit angerechnet.<br>- Wintergärten sind zur Hälfte oder Voll hinzuzurechnen.<br>- Balkone, Loggien und Terrassen zu einem Viertel höchstens zur Hälfte.<br>- Im Einzelfall Vorgenannte auch voll zur Wohnfläche hinzuzurechnen.<br><a href="http://www.steuernetz.de/homepages/vv/gesetze/WoFIV1.pdf" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.steuernetz.de/homepages/vv/gesetze/WoFIV1.pdf</a><br><br>5. Was sollte man über die Teilungserklärung nach § 8 WEG wissen?<br><br>Vieles zum Thema Teilung von Wohnhäusern in Wohnungseigentum findet man<br>online, unter anderem was alles für eine Teilung notwendig ist, und auf<br>welchen Rechtsgrundlagen eine Teilung basiert.<br><a href="http://www.ichbaueselbst.de/teilen/teilung.html" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.ichbaueselbst.de/teilen/teilung.html</a><br><br>6. Wo findet man CAD-Symbole und Detailzeichnungen für Architekten?<br><br>Die Link Liste <a href="http://www.cadress.de/htmsites/dxf-link.htm" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.cadress.de/htmsites/dxf-link.htm</a><br>unterteilt sich in zwei wesentliche Bereich. Zum Einen die meist<br>privaten Online Datenbanken, auf denen die verschiedensten DXF Daten<br>(sog. Blöcke, Makros, Baugruppen etc.) zum Herunterladen bereitstehen<br>und zum Anderen die ausschließlich gewerblichen Hersteller Ressourcen<br>(meist Produkte, Anwendungsbeispiele oder Details), die von den<br>entsprechenden Firmen und Fachplanern zu Verfügung gestellt werden.<br><br>Unter <a href="http://www.cadress.de/htmsites/dxf-form.htm" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.cadress.de/htmsites/dxf-form.htm</a> können neue<br>und eigene Quellen hinzugefügt, sowie veraltete Links gemeldet werden.<br><br>7. Was ist die GRZ, wie wird Sie berechnet und worauf ist zu achten?<br><br>Die Definition der GRZ (Grundflächenzahl) steht in der BauNVO § 19.<br><a href="http://www.cadress.de/htmsites/art-bnvo.htm" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.cadress.de/htmsites/art-bnvo.htm</a>#2-19<br><br>Rechenformel:	    GRZ	= Gebäude, GA, ST, Zufahrt / Grundstück<br><br>Inzwischen werden recht geringe Grundflächenzahlen in den<br>Bebauungsplänen festgesetzt, deshalb ist es wichtig darauf zu achten,<br>daß Garagen und Stellplätze die zulässige Grundfläche um 50%%<br>überschreiten dürfen, siehe § 19 (4), sofern der gültige Bebauungsplan<br>dies nicht außer Kraft setzt.<br><br>Zuerst ist dann der Nachweis (a) für das Gebäude zu erbringen, wobei<br>wir z.B. eine GRZ mit 0,2 annehmen.<br><br>		GRZ(a)	= Gebäude / Grundstück<br>                 	= 180m² / 1000m² = 0,18 (w.z.b.w.)<br><br>Im Nachweis (b) inklusive Garagen, Stellplatz und Zufahrten dürfen wir<br>nun einen Wert von maximal 0,3 erreichen.<br><br>		GRZ(b)	= Gebäude, GA, ST, Zufahrt / Grundstück<br>			= (180m² + 100m²) / 1000m² = 0,28 (w.z.b.w.)<br><br>Trotz dieser Regelung wird es oftmals eng, weil grundsätzlich alle<br>Bauteile anzurechnen sind, mit denen das Grundstück versiegelt wird,<br>also durch die kein Regenwasser versickern kann.<br><br>Manche verschaffen sich jedoch damit Luft, indem Flächen wie Wege,<br>Terrassen, Stellplätze, Zufahrten etc. mit Drainbelägen versehen bzw.<br>mit wasserdurchlässigen Belägen, wie Ökopflaster etc. hergestellt<br>werden. Diese werden dann eigentlich nicht auf die GRZ angerechnet.<br><br>Ob dies jedoch zulässig ist und man so argumentieren kann, ist jedoch<br>ausschließlich Auslegungssache des zuständigen Bauaufsichtsamtes, da<br>hier einige Ämter der Meinung sind, daß die Wasserdurchlässigkeit<br>nichts mit der GRZ zu tun hat. Also geht Fragen wie so oft vor Rechnen!<br><br>8. Wie kann ich HPGL, HPGL/2 & HP-RTL Daten kontrollieren/drucken?<br><br>Um solche Plot-Dateien an Ihren Plotter oder Drucker zu schicken, genügt<br>es normalerweise eine entsprechende Befehlzeile einzugeben.<br><a href="http://www.cadress.de/htmsites/ser-plot.htm" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.cadress.de/htmsites/ser-plot.htm</a><br><br>Komfortabler funktioniert dies natürlich mit einem HPGL-Viewer, diese<br>funktionieren ähnlich wie die Software von Repro-Shops.<br>Damit lassen sich Druck-Daten ansehen, Stiftnummern ändern oder in<br>andere Dateiformate, wie z.B. TIFF, exportieren.<br><a href="http://www.swplot.com" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.swplot.com</a>/<br><a href="http://www.oasys-software.com/product/dm/columbus" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.oasys-software.com/product/dm/columbus</a>/<br><a href="http://www.plotmanager.inetbau.de" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.plotmanager.inetbau.de</a>/<br><a href="http://www.softwarecompanions.com" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.softwarecompanions.com</a>/<br><br>9. Wie erzeuge ich PDF-Dateien als Alternative zu HPGL?<br><br>Um Pläne z.B. an einen Copy-Shop zu senden wird normalerweise HPGL<br>verwendet, wobei PDF im wesentlichen genauso erstellt wird, aber mit<br>Hilfe des kostenlosen Acrobat Readers von anderen am Bau beteiligten<br>wesentlich einfacher betrachten und ggf. auch gedruckt werden kann.<br><a href="http://www.adobe.de/products/acrobat/readstep.html" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.adobe.de/products/acrobat/readstep.html</a><br><br>Genau wie bei HPGL braucht man dazu einen virtuellen Drucker, der ein<br>Post-Script File erstellt. Empfehlenswert ist der HP-750C/PS Treiber, da<br>dieser Übergrößen und Farbplots beherrscht. Wenn man nun ein *.ps File<br>gedruckt hat, verarbeitet man es z.B. mit der Freeware Ghostscript<br>weiter, um daraus eine PDF Datei zu erstellen.<br><a href="http://www.volker-gringmuth.de/anleitung/pdf.htm" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.volker-gringmuth.de/anleitung/pdf.htm</a><br><a href="http://www.sebastianebers.de/tipps/tipps.php?DSID=7" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.sebastianebers.de/tipps/tipps.php?DSID=7</a><br><a href="http://www.thomas-hack.de/Nutzliches/PDF_Drucker/pdf_drucker.html" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.thomas-hack.de/Nutzliches/PDF_Drucker/pdf_drucker.html</a><br><a href="http://tutorials.tanmar.de/pdf.php" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://tutorials.tanmar.de/pdf.php</a><br><br>Die Alternative wäre ein Programm zu benutzen, das ohne Umwege eine<br>PDF-Datei über die Druckerauswahl erzeugt. Diese sind jedoch meist<br>kostenpflichtig, während die angebotene Freeware meist weniger<br>komfortabel ist, gerade hinsichtlich Druck von Großformaten.<br><a href="http://www.pdfcreator.de.vu" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.pdfcreator.de.vu</a>/<br><a href="http://www.context-gmbh.de" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.context-gmbh.de</a>/<br><a href="http://www.plotmanager.inetbau.de" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.plotmanager.inetbau.de</a>/<br><br>III. Aus der Praxis (Fragen von Bauherren)<br>-----------------------------------------------------------------------<br><br>1. Wie hoch ist das Honorar für einen Architekten?<br><br>Das Honorar richtet sich im wesentlichen nach der Bausumme. Grob<br>gerechnet kann man 10%% der anrechenbaren Kosten dafür einkalkulieren,<br>was der Architekt jedoch dem Bauherrn einsparen kann, indem er<br>kostenbewußt plant und den Bauherrn durch Ausschreibung, Vergabe und<br>vor allem unabhängig durch die Bauleitung begleitet.<br><a href="http://www.archifee.de/honorar/hoai_rechner_euro.html" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.archifee.de/honorar/hoai_rechner_euro.html</a><br><a href="http://www.baukosten.de/faq/kosten-honorar/INDEX.HTM" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.baukosten.de/faq/kosten-honorar/INDEX.HTM</a><br><br>2. Was kostet mich mein Hausbau, wie ermittelt man Kosten?<br><br>BRI m³ x Grundrißart x Land x Ortsgröße x Nebenkosten x BPI x ? EUR/m³<br><br>Eine grobe, aber brauchbare Schätzung erhält man über den Brutto<br>Rauminhalt (BRI) des Gebäudes, den man mit einem Preis z.B. von 250 bis<br>300 EUR multipliziert. Hierfür ist es wichtig, daß man den BRI nach DIN<br>277 berecht und die Werte der Normalherstellungskosten (NHK 95 bzw.<br>2000) inklusive den Korrekturfaktoren, sowie den aktuellen<br>Baupreisindex (BPI) berücksichtigt.<br><a href="http://www.cadress.de/htmsites/art-nhk.htm" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.cadress.de/htmsites/art-nhk.htm</a><br><a href="http://www.destatis.de/indicators/d/bpr110ad.htm" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.destatis.de/indicators/d/bpr110ad.htm</a><br><br>Grundsätzlich jedoch gilt: Erfahrungswerte gehen vor starrer Rechnerei.<br>D.h. daß jeder Architekt durch entsprechende Erfahrungswerte andere<br>Baupreise ansetzen kann oder auch bestimmte Bauteile anders gewichtet<br>als andere und die persönliche Wünsche des Bauherrn einfließen läßt.<br>Der Architekt unterscheidet ferner die Kosten im Hochbau als Schätzung,<br>Berechnung und Anschlag bzw. Feststellung nach DIN 276 während des<br>gesamten Planungsprozesses. Für den ersten Entwurf genügt jedoch ein<br>Blick auf den BRI oder man nutzt einen entsprechenden Online Rechner.<br><a href="http://www.plusaufbau.de/bke/ip-bke.html" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.plusaufbau.de/bke/ip-bke.html</a><br><a href="http://www.baukosten.de/faq" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.baukosten.de/faq</a>/<br><br>3. Was ist der Unterschied zwischen Weißer und Schwarzer Wanne?<br><br>Eine kurze Beschreibung über die verschiedenen Kellerkonstruktionen<br>findet man unter:<br><a href="http://www.glossar.de/glossar/z_wanne.htm" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.glossar.de/glossar/z_wanne.htm</a><br>Eine ausführliche Erörterung, sowie physikalischen Eigenschaften und<br>weiterführenden Links enthalten die Seiten:<br><a href="http://www.dimagb.de/info/bautec/swbrwa01.html" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.dimagb.de/info/bautec/swbrwa01.html</a><br><a href="http://www.cemproof.ch/pdf/braunewanne.pdf" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.cemproof.ch/pdf/braunewanne.pdf</a><br><br>4. Wie sind Arbeits- und Schutzgerüste herzustellen?<br><br>Folgende Seiten geht auf alle Gerüstarten, tlw. sehr anschaulich, ein:<br><a href="http://www.biw.fh-deggendorf.de/alumni/2001/liebl/geruestundabsturzsicherung" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.biw.fh-deggendorf.de/alumni/2001/liebl/geruestundabsturzsicherung</a>/<br><a href="http://www.ing-stoeckel.de/gerueste/gerueste.html" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.ing-stoeckel.de/gerueste/gerueste.html</a><br><br>5. Was sollte man über Zementestrich wissen?<br><br>Statt 1-2 Tage bis zur Begehreife vergehen beim Zementestrich in der<br>Praxis oft Wochen. Hierbei handelt es sich wahrscheinlich um sog.<br>Mischzemente, nicht um reinen Portlandzement nach CEM-1. Laut DIN gibt<br>es 27 normgerechte Zemente, aber nicht alle sind praxistauglich, so<br>haben die Estriche nach CEM-2 z.B. größere Schwindung, neigen zum<br>Aufwölben und somit zum Brechen.<br>Ein weiterer Grund dafür sind die künstlichen oder chemischen<br>Hilfsmittel, die nur oberflächlich wirken oder die Belegreife<br>(> Begehreife), die nicht beachtet wird. Es entstehen Schüsselungen<br>bzw. Bombierungen, die unter Belastung brechen.<br>Ein Merkblatt mit Kontaktadressen zu Zementestrich gibt es von der<br>Bauberatung Zement (Bundesverband der Deutschen Zementindustrie e.V.).<br><a href="http://www.bdzement.de/download/literatur/B19.pdf" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.bdzement.de/download/literatur/B19.pdf</a><br><br>6. Wo findet man Antworten auf häufige Fragen und bei Schwierigkeiten<br>zum Thema Fassadenbegrünung?<br><br>Evtl. bei Thomas Brandwein. Auf den Biotektur-Seiten findet man eine FAQ<br>zur Fassadenbegrünung und weitere Informationsangebote zur<br>Bauwerksbegrünung.<br><a href="http://www.biotekt.de/fassadenbegruenung/faq/faq.htm" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.biotekt.de/fassadenbegruenung/faq/faq.htm</a><br><br>C. Wichtige Neuigkeiten<br>=======================================================================<br><br>08.01.2004 Die FAQ wird demnächst automatisch gepostet<br>-----------------------------------------------------------------------<br>Endlich ist es soweit und wir haben jemanden gefunden, der sich mit<br>FAQs auskennt und das automatische Posten übernimmt. Unser Posting wird<br>freundlicherweise von Thomas Hochstein <a href="http://www.th-h.de" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.th-h.de</a>/ übernommen,<br>der in Zukunft vielleicht ein Webinterface für die Infopostings zu<br>Verfügung stellen wird.<br><br>09.12.2003 Umzug der FAQ auf dsa.bau-wesen.de<br>-----------------------------------------------------------------------<br><br>Die FAQ ist kaum ins Leben gerufen und schon zieht Sie um. Unser Host<br>ist nun Michael Nahrath <a href="http://michael.nahrath.de" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://michael.nahrath.de</a>/, der uns<br><a href="http://dsa.bau-wesen.de" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://dsa.bau-wesen.de</a>/ zur Verfügung gestellt hat. Einen DSA-Space<br>(Speicherplatz) für temporäre Binaries wird es nun nicht mehr geben.<br>Wenn es sich jedoch um wichtige Beiträge handelt, die in die FAQ<br>aufgenommen werden und nirgends anders einen Platz finden, kümmern wir<br>uns darum, einfach per Mail an mailto:dsa@cadress.de.<br><br>01.12.2003 Die DSA-FAQ hat Premiere<br>-----------------------------------------------------------------------<br><br>Die FAQ wird zum ersten mal gepostet. Leider gibt es noch Probleme, da<br>wir derzeit im Spamfilter sitzen ;-)<br>Es wird nach einer Möglichkeit gesucht, die FAQ automatisch zu posten.<br><br>13.11.2003 FAQ - de.sci.architektur<br>-----------------------------------------------------------------------<br><br>Der erste Entwurf für die "Liste der Häufig gestellten Fragen" wird<br>vorgestellt und es wird um Mitarbeit und eigene Beiträge gebeten.<br><br>_______________________________________________________________________<br><br>DAS ENDE<br>_______________________________________________________________________<br><br><br>Gezeichnet: Sven Schelhorn,<br>Inhalt: Die Foren Teilnehmer,<br>Stand: 12. März 2007.<br><a href="http://dsa.bau-wesen.de/faq.doc" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://dsa.bau-wesen.de/faq.doc</a><br>
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	<pubDate>Sun, 20 Jul 2008 15:10:01 PDT</pubDate>
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	<title><![CDATA[FAQ: Current Usenet spam thresholds and guidelines]]></title>
	<guid>http://www.nnseek.com/e/news.answers/faq_current_usenet_spam_thresholds_and_guidelines_196336613t.html</guid>
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	<description><![CDATA[Archive-name: usenet/spam-faq<br>Posting-Frequency: weekly<br>Last-modified: 1998/11/10<br>URL: <a href="http://www.killfile.org/faqs/spam.html" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.killfile.org/faqs/spam.html</a><br>Maintainer: tskirvin@<a href="http://killfile.org" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">killfile.org</a> (Tim Skirvin)<br>Original-Author: clewis@ferret.ocunix.on.ca (Chris Lewis)<br><br>	    Current Spam thresholds and guidelines.<br><br>This article is intended to describe the current consensus spam thresholds <br>and ensure that the definitions of these terms are available and consistent.  <br>It is believed that most, if not all, spam cancellers use these terms and <br>definitions in their work; however, many other people use the terms <br>inappropriately, which leads to confusion in discussions.  This is an<br>informal FAQ aimed at clarity and understanding, not anal-retentive<br>correctness.<br><br>Excessive Multi-Posting (EMP) has the same meaning as the term "spam" <br>usually carries, but it is more accurate and self-explanatory.  EMP means, <br>essentially, "too many separate copies of a substantively identical <br>article."<br><br>"Substantively identical" means that the material in each article is <br>sufficiently similar to construe the same message.  The signature is <br>included in the determination.  These are examples of substantively<br>identical articles:<br> <br> 	- byte-for-byte identical messages<br> 	- otherwise identical postings minimally customized for <br>	  each group it appears in.<br> 	- advertising the same service.<br> 	- articles that consist solely of the same signature<br> 	- articles which consist of inclusions of other user's <br>	  postings, but are otherwise identical.<br><br>Cross-posting means that a single message appears in more than one group.  <br>Most newsreaders allow you to specify more than one group in a posting.<br><br>Excessive Crossposting (ECP) refers to where a "lot" of postings to more <br>than one group each have been made.<br><br>Some people think cross-posting is "bad".  In and of itself, it's good <br>behaviour - it allows you to reach more groups with less impact on the net.  <br>Especially if you set the Followup-to: header to one group.  It is "bad" <br>when it's done to attack newsgroups or provoke flamewars (like cross-posting <br>how to cook a cat between alt.tasteless and rec.pet.cats), but this is beyond <br>the scope of this FAQ.<br><br>This author considers the term "spam" to mean excessive postings of<br>EMP and/or ECP variety.  That is, "spam", is a generic term for several<br>different things.  The term was originally supposed to mean EMPs only, but <br>most people use "spam" to mean "any excessive posting".<br><br>A spam, EMP, or ECP therefore refers to a posting that has been posted to<br>many places.  There is a consensus that there is a point at which it is <br>abuse, and is subject to advisory cancellation.<br><br>A formula has been invented by Seth Breidbart which attempts to<br>quantify the degree of "badness" of a spam (whether EMP or ECP) as a<br>single number.  The Breidbart Index (BI) is defined as the sum of the<br>square roots of n (n is the number of newsgroups each copy was posted<br>to).<br><br>Example: If two copies of a posting are made, one to 9 groups, and one<br>to 16, the BI index is sqrt(9)+sqrt(16) = 3+4 = 7.<br><br>The BI2 (Breidbart Index, version 2) is an experimental metric, which<br>may eventually replace the BI.  It is calculated by computing the sum<br>of the square roots of n, plus the sum of n, and dividing by two.  Eg:<br>one posting to 9, and one to 16 is<br><br>	(sqrt(9) + sqrt(16) + 9 + 16) / 2<br>	( 3 + 4 + 9 + 16 ) / 2 = 32 / 2 = 16<br><br>The BI2 is more "aggressive" than the BI, intended to cut off the "higher<br>end".  BI allows about 125 newsgroups maximum.  BI2 allows a maximum of 35.<br><br>A slightly less aggressive index is the SBI (Skirvin-Breidbart Index); it <br>is calculated much the same as the BI2, but sums the number of groups in <br>the Followup-to: header (if available), rather than the newsgroups.  Eg: <br>one posting to 9 groups, and one to 16 with followups set to 4 is<br><br>	(sqrt(9) + sqrt(16) + 9 + 4) / 2<br>	( 3 + 4 + 9 + 4 ) / 2 = 20 / 2 = 10<br><br>Except in nl.*, where the SBI is followed, the BI2 and SBI are not used to <br>determine whether a spam is cancellable.<br><br>The thresholds for spam cancels are based _only_ on one or more of the <br>following measures:<br><br>        1) The BI is 20 or greater over a 45 day period.<br>	2) is a continuation of a previous EMP/ECP, within a 45 day<br>	   sliding window.  That is: if the articles posted within the<br>	   past 45 days exceeds a BI threshold of 20, it gets removed,<br>	   unless the originator has made a clear and obvious effort to<br>	   cease spamming (which includes an undertaking to do so<br>	   posted in <a href="http://news.admin.net-abuse.usenet" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">news.admin.net-abuse.usenet</a>).  This includes "make<br>	   money fast" schemes which passed the EMP/ECP thresholds<br>	   several years ago.  This author recommends one posting<br>	   cross-posted to no more than 10 groups, no more often than<br>	   once every two weeks (a BI of 3).<br><br>A single posting cannot be cancellable - to reach a BI of 20, it would<br>have to be cross-posted to 400 groups.  This isn't possible due to<br>limitations in Usenet software.<br><br>These thresholds nominally apply to all hierarchies - not just the Big-8<br>and alt.*.  Many hierarchies have more restrictive rules, which are decided <br>upon and enforced by their users and administrators; they may also opt out<br>of the cancellations, at the discretion of the same users and admins.<br><br>These cancels have nothing whatsoever to do with the contents of the<br>message.  It doesn't matter if it's an advertisement, it doesn't matter if <br>it's abusive, it doesn't matter whether it's on-topic in the groups it was <br>posted in, it doesn't matter whether the posting is for a "good cause" or <br>not - spam is cancelled regardless, based on _how many times_ it was said<br>and not _what_ was said.<br><br>Administrators wishing to ignore spam cancels can "alias out" the site <br>"cyberspam", and the cancels will not affect your system.  This is normally <br>done at your feed site, but patches are available for INN to allow you to <br>reject spam cancels on your own system.   Ask in <a href="http://news.admin.net-abuse.usenet" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">news.admin.net-abuse.usenet</a> <br>if you need this patch.<br><br>Further literature on posting etiquette and related information:<br><br>The newsgroup news.announce.newusers<br><URL:news:news.announce.newusers><br>	<br>"What is Usenet", by Salzenberg, Spafford and Moraes<br><<a href="http://URL:ftp://ftp.faqs.org/faqs/usenet/what-is/part1" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">URL:ftp://ftp.faqs.org/faqs/usenet/what-is/part1</a>><br><br>"What is Usenet?  A second opinion.", by Vielmetti<br><<a href="http://URL:ftp://ftp.faqs.org/faqs/usenet/what-is/part2" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">URL:ftp://ftp.faqs.org/faqs/usenet/what-is/part2</a>><br><br>"FAQ: Advertising on Usenet: How To Do It, How Not To Do It", by Furr<br><<a href="http://URL:ftp://ftp.faqs.org/faqs/usenet/advertising/how-to/part1" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">URL:ftp://ftp.faqs.org/faqs/usenet/advertising/how-to/part1</a>><br><br>"A Primer on How to Work With the Usenet Community", by Von Rospach, et al<br><<a href="http://URL:ftp://ftp.faqs.org/faqs/usenet/primer/part1" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">URL:ftp://ftp.faqs.org/faqs/usenet/primer/part1</a>><br><br>"Rules for posting to Usenet", by Horton, Spafford & Moraes.<br><<a href="http://URL:ftp://ftp.faqs.org/faqs/usenet/posting-rules/part1" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">URL:ftp://ftp.faqs.org/faqs/usenet/posting-rules/part1</a>><br><br>"Emily Postnews Answers Your Questions on Netiquette", by Templeton et al<br><<a href="http://URL:ftp://ftp.faqs.org/faqs/usenet/emily-postnews/part1" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">URL:ftp://ftp.faqs.org/faqs/usenet/emily-postnews/part1</a>><br><br>Numerous books and publications on Usenet, such as O'Reilly's "Stopping<br>Spam" (Schwartz and Garfinkel), the "Whole Internet Guide and Catalog" <br>(Krol), "Usenet Handbook" (Harrison), etc.<br><br>"Cancel Messages: Frequently Asked Questions", by Skirvin<br><<a href="http://URL:http://www.killfile.org/faqs/cancel.html" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">URL:http://www.killfile.org/faqs/cancel.html</a>><br><br>RFC 1855 - Netiquette Guidelines<br><<a href="http://URL:http://rfc.net/rfc1855.html" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">URL:http://rfc.net/rfc1855.html</a>><br><br>The above FAQs are also mirrored at various sites, including as ftp.sunet.se,<br><a href="http://mirror.aol.com" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">mirror.aol.com</a>, <a href="http://ftp.uu.net" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">ftp.uu.net</a>, ftp.uni-paderborn.de, <a href="http://nctuccca.edu.tw" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">nctuccca.edu.tw</a>,<br><a href="http://hwarang.postech.ac.kr" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">hwarang.postech.ac.kr</a>, <a href="http://ftp.hk.super.net" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">ftp.hk.super.net</a> etc.<br><br>A mailing list has been set up to assist those wishing to post commercial<br>advertisements on Usenet in a responsible fashion.  Email your questions to<br>commerce@<a href="http://acpub.duke.edu" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">acpub.duke.edu</a>.<br>
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	<pubDate>Sun, 20 Jul 2008 00:45:02 PDT</pubDate>
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	<title><![CDATA[humanities.philosophy.objectivism Administration FAQ, v1.37.01]]></title>
	<guid>http://www.nnseek.com/e/news.answers/humanities_philosophy_objectivism_administration_faq_196336357t.html</guid>
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	<description><![CDATA[Archive-name: objectivism/newsgroup-admin<br>Posting-Frequency: weekly<br>Last-modified: 2005/04/26<br>Version: 1.37.01<br>URL: <a href="http://www.killfile.org/faqs/hpofaq.html" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.killfile.org/faqs/hpofaq.html</a><br><br>humanities.philosophy.objectivism <br>Administration FAQ, v1.37<br><br>(Disclaimers: The author of this document is in no way liable for misuse<br>of the information contained within, nor is he in any way responsible<br>for damages related to the use or accuracy of the information.)<br>--<br>Table of Contents			* = updated since last minor version<br>I.  What is HPO?<br> a.  What is humanities.philosophy.objectivism? 				<br> b.  How do I read and post to the group...<br>  1.  ...via Usenet?						<br>  2.  ...via E-Mail?							<br>  3.  ...via the web?							*<br> c.  How is the group moderated?<br>  1.  What are moderation guidelines?					*<br>   i.  Can I get the source code?					*<br>  2.  How does the moderation work?				  	<br>  3.  What are the moderator's policies?			<br>II.  So your post was rejected...<br> a.  Why was my post rejected?						*<br> b.  Why aren't my posts showing up on my system?			<br> c.  How do I turn off confirmation messages?				<br>III.  What other resources are there?					<br> a.  What other sources for information on Objectivism are there?  	*<br> b.  What is planned for the future of HPO?				*<br><br>Appendix A: The official charter of humanities.philosophy.objectivism<br>Appendix B: Why ban Neo-Tech?<br>Appendix C: What is PGPMoose?						<br>Appendix D: Why is my news server broken, and how do I fix it?	   <br>--<br>I.  What is HPO?<br> a. What is humanities.philosophy.objectivism?<br><br>	humanities.philosophy.objectivism (hereby referred to as HPO)<br>is a moderated group for discussion of ideas related to Objectivism,<br>the philosophy created by Ayn Rand.  HPO was created on June 12, 1996, <br>having won its vote for creation by a margin of 362:46.  <br><br>	The HPO Homepage at <a href="http://www.killfile.org/~tskirvin/hpo" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.killfile.org/~tskirvin/hpo</a>/, and<br>contains the newsgroup's charter, past logs of the group, and other<br>information regarding HPO.<br><br><br> b.  How do I read and post to the group...<br>  1.  ...via Usenet?<br><br>        If your news server already carries HPO, simply add the group to<br>your list of active newsgroups.  If your news server doesn't carry HPO,<br>it might be a bit more of a challenge; just ask your news administrator<br>(politely!) to add it.  Include the following details:<br><br>     Moderation Address: humanities-philosophy-objectivism@<a href="http://moderators.isc.org" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">moderators.isc.org</a><br>                         -or- tskirvin+hpo@<a href="http://killfile.org" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">killfile.org</a> <br>     Moderator Contact Address: tskirvin@<a href="http://killfile.org" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">killfile.org</a><br><br>	Once this is done, messages should automatically appear on your<br>system, and you can post as you would to any normal newsgroup; if you<br>have questions about how to do this, ask your news administrators.<br><br>        If your news server does not receive HPO, or if there are problems<br>with your local site, you can also read and post through HPO's main news<br>server.  Just point your newsreader at <a href="http://news.killfile.org" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">news.killfile.org</a> - there should be<br>instructions in your newsreader's manual.  <br><br>  2.  ...via E-Mail?<br><br>	At this point, there is no mailing list for distribution of HPO;<br>however, such a list would not be difficult to create if there were<br>sufficient desire.  Email contributions to HPO are accepted, if mailed to<br>tskirvin+hpo@<a href="http://killfile.org" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">killfile.org</a> .<br><br>  3.  ...via the web?<br><br>	Archive for the past many years can be read through Google Groups<br>(<a href="http://groups.google.com" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://groups.google.com</a>/).  The group can also be read seen using the <br>news<->web gateway at <a href="http://news.killfile.org" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://news.killfile.org</a>/ .<br><br><br> c.  How is the group moderated?<br>  1.  What are moderation guidelines?<br><br>        HPO is controlled by a moderation bot, which is maintained<br>by an impartial operator.  Messages are automatically posted, based<br>on the following criteria:<br><br>     o The message is posted only to HPO, and is not crossposted to any<br>       other groups;<br>     o The message is not an encoded binary message;<br>     o The message is formatted to have 80 or less characters per line<br>        of text;<br>     o The message contains less than 80%% quotes from previous messages; <br>     o The message is not related to any subjects that have been deemed<br>        off-topic by the moderator, and;<br>     o The message is not authored by any that the operator feels have<br>       violated any of the above rules repeatedly or maliciously.<br>             <br>	Commercial advertising and discussion of Neo-Tech are specifically<br>off-topic for HPO.  Also, morphing (changing your 'From' line) to avoid<br>killfiles is a bannable offense.<br><br>	As most posting is automatic, there is a strong potential for<br>messages to be posted that violate the rules of the newsgroup.  To this<br>end, the operator of the moderation bot is authorized to issue cancel<br>messages that he deems inappropriate for the group.<br><br>	The operator of the moderator bot may change or ignore any and all<br>moderation policies as necessary to ensure the survival of the newsgroup.<br><br>        The current banlist:<br><br>Name            Address		  	Reason<br>gryb		gryb@<a href="http://adams.icl.net" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">adams.icl.net</a>	Regular off-topic posts, bad formatting<br>Nawaz		nawaz@<a href="http://chillizome.com" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">chillizome.com</a>	Regular off-topic posts.<br>edconrad        edconrad@<a href="http://verison.net" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">verison.net</a>    Regular off-topic posts.<br>teslacoils      deanro35@<a href="http://telus.net" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">telus.net</a>      Off-topic posts.<br><br><br>  2.  How does the moderation work?<br><br>	The moderation bot, named Mackie, is based off of Verimod, a<br>moderation package written by Tim Skirvin, and procmail, a mail filtering<br>system.  Put simply, the robot moderator will process your message and<br>post it, unless you violate one of the basic rules:<br><br>   o  Your article must have a From: and Subject: line.<br>   o  Your article isn't crossposted to any other newsgroups.<br>   o  No line of the body of your message is more than 80 characters long<br>	(though lines will be wrapped if possible).<br>   o  Less than 80%% of your message quotes another message.<br>   o  Your message doesn't look like a binary or off-topic message.<br>   o  Your message doesn't look like spam, based on a simple header and <br>   	body check (these guidelines are not published, as they change <br>	near-constantly, but are pretty basic - don't put "XXX", "$$$",<br>	or anything similar in your headers and you'll be okay).<br>   o  You are not on the banlist.<br><br>	Messages that are approved are injected into the local news<br>server, and propagate standardly to the rest of Usenet. <br><br>   i.  Can I get the source code?<br><br>	The source code for the moderation bot was never officially or<br>publicly released, in large part because I've grown kindof embarrassed of<br>it.  If you're interested in it, give me a mail.<br><br><br>  3.  What are the moderator's policies?<br><informal><br>        Policies...hmm, how best to describe them...  Well, I'm not here<br>because I'm an Objectivist - I'm not, which is one of the reasons I was<br>requested to moderate this group in the first place.  My goal here is to<br>help keep Usenet (and specifically HPO) working, hopefully without taking<br>up all of my time.<br><br>        In general, I keep my hands as far away from the group as<br>possible.  I read very few of the messages that go through the group;<br>mostly I just scan the subject headers, or I occasionally read a thread<br>about some topic that looks interesting.  My main role is to cancel<br>blatantly off-topic messages that made it through the mod-bot, which<br>usually consist of MAKE.MONEY.FAST posts and other spams.  When it is<br>brought to my attention, I also have to enforce the rest of the charter<br>- specifically the ban on Neo-Tech and advertisements.  I don't enjoy<br>doing that kind of stuff, trust me, but I'm willing to do it to keep the<br>newsgroup alive.<br><br>        If you're having any technical problems with the group, mail me<br>personally (at tskirvin@<a href="http://killfile.org" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">killfile.org</a>) - don't try to post about the problems, <br>I probably won't read it.  If you see what appears to be a charter vio-<br>lation, mail me about it, and I'll take care of it.  If you have any sug-<br>gestions, feel free to mail them to me too.  Just leave me out of the <br>personality clashes on the group and I'll be happy...<br></informal><br><br><br>II.  Why wasn't my message posted?<br> a.  Why was my post rejected?<br><br>	Well, step one is "check your rejection notice" - that's what<br>they're for, after all.  The most common violations:<br><br>     o Your message was crossposted to two or more groups.  If this is <br>       the case, please resubmit your message to HPO alone.<br>     o Your address was identified as being on the banlist.  If this is<br>       the case, please, don't resubmit; if absolutely necessary, contact<br>       me, at tskirvin@<a href="http://killfile.org" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">killfile.org</a>.<br>     o Your message contained excessive quoting.  If this is the case, <br>       feel free to rewrite and resubmit your message according to the <br>       group guidelines.<br>     o Your message looked like spam, from a simple pattern match.  If <br>       your subject line is in all caps, or looks like a MAKE.MONEY.FAST <br>       message, try changing that and resubmitting.<br><br>	Of course, it's also possible that the 'bot just screwed up, or<br>there was some minor problem with the submission; if in doubt, mail the<br>moderator.<br><br><br> b.  Why aren't my posts showing up on my system?<br><br>        As with all things, there are many possibilities.<br><br>     o If your post was rejected, you should have gotten a rejected notice <br>       with the reasons for the rejection; feel free to fix the message up <br>       and resubmit it.  <br>     o Even if your message was rejected, you may not have gotten a <br>       rejection notice for your post if you use a "spam-block" email <br>       address; all I can say to this is "stop using them".<br>     o My local news server might not be working right.  If this happens, <br>       I'll do what I can to fix it, but give me some time - see Appendix D.<br>     o Your posts may not have propagated to your site yet.  The standard<br>       delay for messages to appear at your system may vary from several<br>       seconds to several days; if you are positive that your messages<br>       are not propagating, please contact me.<br>     o The moderator bot may never have received the message in the first<br>       place.  If this is the case, you will need to check your news<br>       system; please check the submissions address, or contact your news <br>       administrators.<br>     o The moderator bot may have just screwed up.  Trust me, it happens;<br>       if you think this is the case, again, mail me.<br>     <br>     <br> c.  How do I turn off confirmation messages?<br><br>	If you include the line "X-No-Confirm: yes" in either the headers <br>or the first line of your posts, you won't get any confirmation messages.  <br>If you want to turn off the messages (semi-)permanently, give me a mail<br>and I'll take care of it.<br><br><br>III.  What other resources are there?<br> a.  What other sources for information on Objectivism are there?<br><br>	In no particular order: <br><br>FAQs:  <br><a href="http://www.faqs.org/faqs/objectivism/faq" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.faqs.org/faqs/objectivism/faq</a>/<br>   The Objectivism FAQ<br><br>Mailing Lists:<br><a href="http://www.exit109.com/~integrity/osg/osg/home.html" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.exit109.com/~integrity/osg/osg/home.html</a> -or- integrity@<a href="http://exit109.com" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">exit109.com</a><br>   OSG - The Electronic Objectivism Study Group E-Mail List<br><br>Usenet: <br>alt.philosophy.objectivism  	<br>   An unmoderated group for discussion of Objectivism<br><a href="http://www.killfile.org/~tskirvin/hpo" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.killfile.org/~tskirvin/hpo</a>/<br>   The HPO Homepage - the charter, voting records, logs of HPO submissions<br><br>WWW: <br><a href="http://www.aynrand.org" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.aynrand.org</a>/		<br>   The Ayn Rand Institute<br><a href="http://www.nationweb.com" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.nationweb.com</a>/<br>   The Objectivist Trade Center<br><a href="http://www.vix.com/objectivism" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.vix.com/objectivism</a><br>   Objectivism and Ayn Rand WWW Service <br><a href="http://home1.pp.sbbs.se/lyceum/lr.html" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://home1.pp.sbbs.se/lyceum/lr.html</a><br>   Lyceum References, a list of Objectivism-related resources<br><a href="http://www.hypermall.com/geekspk" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.hypermall.com/geekspk</a><br>   #GeekSpeak Web Pages, an IRC channel for discussion of Objectivism<br><a href="http://www.2think.org/rand.shtml" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.2think.org/rand.shtml</a><br>   Ayn Rand Links<br><a href="http://www.objectivistcenter.org" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.objectivistcenter.org</a>/			<br>   The Objectivist Center<br><a href="http://www.aynrandbookstore.com" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.aynrandbookstore.com</a>/<br>   "Objectivist Books, Conferences, Courses, and More"<br><a href="http://www.fullcontext.org" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.fullcontext.org</a>/<br>   "Full Context", an Objectivism essay and interview magazine<br><a href="http://www.objectivism.net" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.objectivism.net</a><br>   Source for the works of Ayn Rand on CD-ROM<br><a href="http://www.noblesoul.com/orc" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.noblesoul.com/orc</a>/ <br>   Richard Lawrence's Objectivism Reference Center<br><br>	All of the above references were suggested via email, and were<br>verified to work before addition; I take no other responsibility for the<br>information contained within.  If you have any other resources to add to<br>the list, mail me personally with a reference and a one-line description.<br>	<br> b.  What is planned for the future of HPO?<br><br>     o Possibly run all HPO submissions through Spamassassin before <br>       they are posted, with clear spams being filtered.  <br><br>     o Post some of the old HPO archives, since I have several years<br>       of them available.  (This will come when I finish off some news<br>       archiving code I've been working on for a while).<br>    <br>     o Rewrite Verimod, and release it.  I'm better at this nowadays.<br>    <br><br>Appendix A: The official charter of humanities.philosophy.objectivism<br><br>Humanities.philosophy.objectivism shall exist for the purpose of fur-<br>thering discussion by Objectivists and those who admire Ayn Rand's<br>ideas.  Those who disagree with these ideas may of course also post to<br>h.p.o. for the purposes of civilized debate and discussion of Object-<br>ivism.  Any posters who persistently abuse their posting privileges<br>are subject to revocation of these privileges at the discretion of the<br>moderator (qv).<br><br>Discussion on h.p.o. may consist of attempts to support, elaborate,<br>apply, question, or refute the tenets of Objectivist philosophy on the<br>part of participants.  For example, discussion on h.p.o. may include<br>but is in no way limited to the topics of Anarchism in relation to<br>Objectivism and the dispute between David Kelley and Leonard Peikoff<br>as it relates to Objectivist philosophy.  Posts which request general<br>information about a particular topic of Objectivist philosophy or on<br>the availability of resources related to Objectivism are also welcome.<br><br>Every effort shall be made by the posters of h.p.o. to compile a thor-<br>ough text-only FAQ describing the moderation and posting policies of<br>h.p.o.<br><br>Crossposting shall not be permitted, excepting administrative posts<br>such as further RFDs, CFVs, and the FAQ.  With the approval of the<br>administrator such material may be crossposted to news.announce.new-<br>groups, news.answers, news.groups, and other groups deemed necessary<br>by the moderator.  Because a philosophy such as Objectivism has ap-<br>plications in numerous areas of human action, the actors in many of<br>which are not themselves directly concerned with Objectivism, discus-<br>sions that are crossposted often become irrelevant to one or the<br>other of the groups.  This has been a major problem with a.p.o. in<br>the past.<br><br>Moderation Policy:<br><br>The newsgroup shall be automoderated; the automoderator shall be<br>overseen by a nonparticipant net administrator.<br><br>The automoderator shall automatically reject all articles that fall<br>into the following categories:<br><br>      A) Articles that contain more than 80 characters per line;<br>      B) Articles that are crossposted;<br>      C) Encoded binary messages;<br>      D) Messages containing more than 20 lines of text, 80%% or<br>                more of which is quoted material;<br>      E) Articles authored by those that the moderator has<br>                expelled from the group (see below).<br><br>The submitters of rejected articles shall be sent a copy of the FAQ<br>to inform them of the reason why their submissions were rejected.<br><br>The moderator of h.p.o. shall be Tim Skirvin <tskirvin@<a href="http://uiuc.edu" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">uiuc.edu</a>>.<br>The alternate moderator of h.p.o. shall be Richard E. Depew<br><red@redpoll.mrfs.oh.us>.  The moderators shall not post to<br>humanities.philosophy.objectivism except as administrative duties<br>require.<br><br>Commercial postings shall not be permitted; repeated posting of a<br>commercial nature shall be grounds for the banning of the submitter<br>from humanities.philosophy.objectivism at the discretion of the mod-<br>erator.  The moderator is further authorized to cancel said postings<br>if and when they appear, forwarding a copy of the FAQ to the poster.<br>If a FAQ is not yet available, a copy of this charter shall be sent<br>instead.<br><br>Postings commonly acknowledged by the Usenet community to be "spam"<br>or similar forms of net-abuse shall not be permitted; the moderator<br>is authorized to cancel all such posts, inform the submitter of his<br>decision, and, if the abuse persists after an initial warning, ban<br>the submitter of the posts from the newsgroup.<br><br>The moderator may also cancel posts which are offtopic for the group.<br>For example, humanities.philosophy.objectivism excludes the discus-<br>sion of Neo-Tech, Zon Power and the publications and activities of<br>the Neo-Tech Publishing Company.  Such material is off-topic for<br>humanities.philosophy.objectivism and repeated posts of this nature<br>shall result in the expulsion of the poster.  The Automoderator may<br>also be programmed and reprogrammed as necessary to return the ex-<br>cluded postings to the sender, attaching a copy of the FAQ for h.p.o.<br><br>No specific individuals shall be excluded from h.p.o., save as their<br>behavior on the forum itself warrants.<br><br>The alternate shall succeed the moderator upon retirement.  Should<br>the alternate be unwilling to do so, the moderator may choose an-<br>other impartial nonparticipant individual to fill his place.<br><br><br>Appendix B: Why ban Neo-Tech?<br><br>	Before HPO was created, the only major Objectivism-related <br>newsgroup was alt.philosophy.objectivism.  An unmoderated newsgroup in a<br>volatile hierarchy, this group was long the target of large, crossposted <br>threads.  The amount of effort required to create a new group, however,<br>was enough inertia that, for years, nothing ever came of the need.<br><br>	Neo-Tech changed that.  Neo-Tech, a self-proclaimed offshoot of <br>Objectivism, one day began to crosspost its articles into APO; soon, the <br>traffic was significantly higher, much of it over NT.  Several flamewars<br>started, spreading into other newsgroups and hierarchies; the Neo-Tech<br>mailing list was gated to APO, long essays were posted daily, and<br>finally several NT'ers posted messages officially "declaring war" on<br>Objectivism and APO.<br><br>	These incidents provided the catalyst for the creation of a new<br>group, humanities.philosophy.objectivism.  Under the charter, Neo-Tech/<br>Zonpower was officially banned from the newsgroup, in order for the rest <br>of the regulars to have a forum where they could discuss all other aspects <br>of Objectivism without interruption.  This ban has been extremely<br>controversial, but it is absolute: no discussion of Neo-Tech or Zonpower<br>is permitted on humanities.philosophy.objectivism.<br>	<br>	If you wish to discuss this topic any further, please take it<br>to either alt.philosophy.objectivism or alt.neo-tech.  Thank you.<br><br><br>Appendix C: What is PGPMoose?<br>	<br>	PGPMoose is a post-authentication system, allowing anybody to<br>verify that messages to moderated newsgroups were accepted by the moderators <br>involved.  It was added to the HPO moderator bot after a minor rush of<br>forged approvals, and should be effective at stopping similar attacks in<br>the future.<br><br>	The public key required for verification and links to all required<br>PGPMoose software is available on the HPO homepage.<br><br>Appendix D: Why is my news server broken, and how do I fix it?<br><br>	(I've been getting a lot of questions about this lately; while<br>this is all essentially repeating what's said above, I might as well say<br>it again).<br><br>	Just because you can read HPO from your local news server doesn't<br>mean that you can post to it.  Many news servers are misconfigured, and<br>do not properly forward posts to the moderator for approval; some just<br>post the message locally, and other send them to the incorrect addresses.<br>Either way is probably going to require you to talk with your local news<br>admins to get it straightened out.<br><br>	So, what should you do if you've posted something to HPO and it<br>didn't make it through?  First of all, make sure you've read through<br>section II.b. carefully!  Most problems are caused by spamblock addresses<br>and the like, and are only the fault of the poster.  If you're still<br>convinced that there may be a problem with your news server, send a copy<br>of one of your recent posts to:<br><br>	    		  tskirvin+hpo@<a href="http://killfile.org" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">killfile.org</a><br>	<br>	(Note that you shouldn't just send "test" posts; they're off-topic<br>and annoying.  Just send posts that you would otherwise have posted.)<br><br>	If the message is posted, then your problem is probably with your<br>local news server.  You'll want to contact your local news admins (call<br>your local help desk for information) and ensure that their servers are<br>configured with a) the group set as moderated and b) submissions sent to <br>'%%s@<a href="http://moderators.isc.org" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">moderators.isc.org</a>'.  <br><br>	If your message still isn't posted, then go ahead and give me a<br>mail.  I'm not going to help you debug your mail problems too carefully,<br>but it's good to know that there's something going on.<br>-- <br>Copyright 1996-2008, Tim Skirvin.  All rights reserved.<br><a href="http://www.killfile.org/faqs/hpofaq.html" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.killfile.org/faqs/hpofaq.html</a><br>
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	<title><![CDATA[[FAQ] &lt;2007-11-17&gt; de.alt.netdigest - wie?]]></title>
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	<description><![CDATA[Archive-name: de-newsgroups/netdigest-faq<br>Posting-Frequency: weekly<br>Last-modified: 2007-11-17<br>URL: <a href="ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/de.answers/de-newsgroups/netdigest-faq" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/de.answers/de-newsgroups/netdigest-faq</a><br><br>  <a href="http://de.alt.netdigest" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">de.alt.netdigest</a> - wie?<br><br>  1.  Worum geht es?<br><br>  <a href="http://de.alt.netdigest" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">de.alt.netdigest</a> dient, so die Charta, der Veröffentlichung von "Humor<br>  aus den Netzen und IRC ähnlich alt.humor.best-of-usenet, jedoch für<br>  deutschsprachigen Humor." Heißt auf gut Deutsch: Hier sollen witzige<br>  Fundsachen quer durchs Netz gesammelt veröffentlicht werden.<br><br>  Die Gruppe ist moderiert. Auf diesem Wege werden (sonst<br>  unvermeidliche) Duplikate und dergleichen Unannehmlichkeiten mehr<br>  vermieden. Beiträge sind daher per E-Mail an die Moderationsadresse<br>  de-alt-netdigest@moderators.dana.de zu senden.<br><br><br>  2.  Was sollte man beachten?<br><br>  2.1  Inhaltliches<br><br>  Beiträge, die privaten Mailwechseln, nicht-öffentlichen Newsgroups,<br>  Mailinglisten oder IRC-Konversationen entnommen sind, sollten vor der<br>  Einreichung mit allen Beteiligten abgesprochen sein. Andernfalls ist<br>  eine Veröffentlichung nicht angebracht.<br><br>  Normale Artikel sollten nach Möglichkeit nicht den gleichen<br>  abgedroschenen Witz zum (N+1)-ten Mal wiederholen, und sie sollten<br>  einigermaßen im Rahmen des guten Geschmacks bleiben.<br><br>  2.2  Formales<br><br>  Die Formatierung der Beiträge in <a href="http://de.alt.netdigest" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">de.alt.netdigest</a> ist immer gleich:<br>  Als Absender tritt der Einreicher auf, der Betreff nennt Newsgroups<br>  und Betreff des eingereichten Artikels. Den Body macht dann der<br>  eingereichte Artikel, einschließlich Header, aus.<br><br>  Beispiel: Nutzer D. Au hat sich in de.alt.sysadmin.recovery einen<br>  schönen Versprecher erlaubt. B. O. F. Hinrichs möchte diesen Artikel<br>  in <a href="http://de.alt.netdigest" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">de.alt.netdigest</a> sehen. Er schreibt eine Mail, die wie folgt<br>  aussieht:<br>  ______________________________________________________________________<br>  From: B.O.F.Hinrichs <bofh@<a href="http://example.org" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">example.org</a>><br>  To: de-alt-netdigest@moderators.dana.de<br>  Subject: [de.alt.sysadmin.recovery] bla<br><br>  From: D. Au <dau@<a href="http://example.com" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">example.com</a>><br>  Subject: bla<br>  Newsgroups: de.alt.sysadmin.recovery<br>  Message-ID: <eindeutigemessagid@<a href="http://news.example.com" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">news.example.com</a>><br>  Date: 3 Jan 2007 13:24:53 GMT<br>  ...<br><br>  Kann mir jemand sagen, wie ich hier reinkomme?<br>  ______________________________________________________________________<br><br>  Diese Formatierung erreicht die Moderation durch ein einfaches Script.<br>  Es ist diesem Script besonders recht, wenn schon die Mail, die bei der<br>  Moderation ankommt, von einem ähnlichem Format wie der fertige Artikel<br>  ist: Nach dem Mail-Header und der obligatorischen Leerzeile sollte<br>  ganz einfach der Artikel kommen, der eingereicht werden soll.<br><br>  Wer einen der üblichen Unix-Newsreader benutzt, kann einen derartigen<br>  Effekt z.B. durch die Eingabe von<br><br>       |mailx de-alt-netdigest@moderators.dana.de<br><br>  erreichen. Mit Gnus gibt es eine bequeme Möglichkeit, Einreichungen<br>  vorzunehmen: Unter <a href="http://my.gnus.org/node/view/270" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://my.gnus.org/node/view/270</a> findet sich eine<br>  gute Anleitung dafür. In anderen Newsreadern hilft teilweise auch die<br>  Funktion "Weiterleiten" (Forward), einschließlich Header.<br><br>  2.3  Anmerkungen<br><br>  Anmerkungen in Form von Kommentaren, Erklärungen, Zaunpfahl-Winke oder<br>  ähnlichem, was die Einreichung unbedingt begleiten soll, trägt man am<br>  besten als "Submitter's note" oberhalb des einzureichenden Artikels<br>  ein.<br><br>  Wer dagegen veröffentlichte Beiträge nachträglich kommentieren oder mit<br>  eigenem Witz ergänzen möchte, ist mit einem einfachen Follow-up dazu<br>  eingeladen. Dies erscheint dann automatisch in der unmoderierten<br>  Newsgroup de.talk.jokes.d.<br><br>  2.4  Bewertung<br><br>  Die Bewertung der Einreichung obliegt der Moderation. Sie entscheidet<br>  letztendlich, ob ein Artikel gepostet wird oder nicht. In allererster<br>  Linie orientiert sich die Moderation dabei an der Charta. Jedoch ist<br>  nicht auszuschließen, dass aufgrund weiterer Einflussfaktoren, wie<br>  beispielsweise die Formatierung der Einreichung (zu wenige Header<br>  mitgeschickt, komische Formatierung) oder das aktuelle Wetter vor Ort,<br>  Beiträge nicht berücksichtigt werden. Eine Möglichkeit, Protest gegen<br>  das Nicht-Posten einer Einreichung einzulegen, ist nicht vorgesehen.<br><br><br>  3.  Weiteres<br><br>  Anregungen, Ergänzungen, Verbesserungen, auch Kritik und Lob sind<br>  jederzeit willkommen. Bitte dafür einfach per E-Mail an die Moderation<br>  schreiben. Moderationsadresse: de-alt-netdigest@moderators.dana.de.<br><br>  Dieses Howto basiert auf den Texten von Thomas Roessler und Hanno<br>  'Rince' Wagner.<br><br>
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	<pubDate>Sat, 19 Jul 2008 22:02:57 PDT</pubDate>
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	<title><![CDATA[&lt;2007-07-15&gt; FAQ - Wichtige Golfbegriffe und ihre Bedeutung (2/2)]]></title>
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	<description><![CDATA[Archive-name: de/sport/golfbegriffe/faq2<br>Posting-frequency: bi-weekly<br>Last-modified: 2007-07-15<br>URL: <a href="http://www.babylonsounds.com/golf" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.babylonsounds.com/golf</a><br>Disclaimer: Approval for *.answers is based on form, not content.<br><br>FAQ - WICHTIGE GOLFBEGRIFFE UND IHRE BEDEUTUNG (2/2)<br>++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++<br><br>Hallo!<br>Diese FAQ (frequently asked questions) soll dir dabei helfen, dich mit <br>häufig vorkommenden Golfbegriffen vertraut zu machen und ihre Bedeutung <br>zu erlernen. Diese FAQ erhebt allerdings keinen Anspruch auf <br>Vollständigkeit. Manche Bereiche sind absichtlich sehr knapp gehalten, <br>um die Verständlichkeit zu verbessern.<br><br>Wenn du Fragen oder Verbesserungsvorschläge hast, dann stelle diese <br>bitte in der Newsgroup news:de.rec.sport.golf oder schicke mir eine <br>E-Mail an die Adresse <sipaq@gmx.de><br><br>Eine etwas ausführlichere Version dieses Textes ist im WWW unter <br><a href="http://www.babylonsounds.com/golf" rel="nofollow" class="url" target="_blank">http://www.babylonsounds.com/golf</a> abrufbar.<br><br>Übersicht für Teil 2<br>====================<br>10. Vorgabe (Handicap)<br>11. Zählweisen<br>12. Wettspiele<br>13. Danksagung<br> <br><br>10. Vorgabe (Handicap)<br>======================<br><br>Das hier vorgestellte System ist in den deutschsprachigen Ländern und <br>in vielen Ländern Kontinentaleuropas üblich. In den angelsächsischen <br>Ländern geht es ein wenig lockerer zu. Hier beginnen die offiziellen <br>Handicaps erst bei -28.0 (Herren) und -36.0 (Damen).<br><br>10.1. Vorgabe<br>-------------<br>Die Vorgabe dient beim Golf dem Vergleich der Leistung von <br>Amateur-Spielern verschiedener Spielstärken. Es wird vom jeweiligen <br>Heimatclub in der Vorgabenliste geführt. <br><br>Die Vorgabe gibt an, wieviel Schläge mehr als Par ein Spieler in einem <br>Zählspiel benötigen darf. Bei einem Kurs mit Par 70 und einer Vorgabe <br>von -16.0 muß ein Spieler also 86 Schläge benötigen, um seine Vorgabe <br>zu spielen und zu bestätigen.<br><br>Die offizielle Vorgabe beginnt bei -36.0 (man beachte das Minus). Einen <br>Endpunkt gibt es nicht. Es ist allerdings kein Spieler bekannt, der <br>jemals eine Vorgabe von besser als +8 erreicht hat. Spieler einer <br>solchen Spielstärke wechseln normalerweise zu den Profis.<br><br>Die Vorgaben werden in verschiedene Vorgabenklassen eingeteilt: <br><br>Vorgaben-Klasse 1         bis    -4,4<br>Vorgaben-Klasse 2  -4,5   bis   -11,4<br>Vorgaben-Klasse 3  -11,5  bis   -18,4<br>Vorgaben-Klasse 4  -18,5  bis   -26,4<br>Vorgaben-Klasse 5  -26,5  bis   -36,0<br>Clubvorgaben       -37    bis   -54<br><br>10.2. Stammvorgabe<br>------------------<br>Zur Berechnung der Vorgabe dient die sogenannte Stammvorgabe. Die <br>Stammvorgabe gibt auf eine Kommastelle genau die Vorgabe an. Die<br>jeweilige Spielvorgabe ergibt sich aus den Course-Rating-Tabellen des <br>bespielten Platzes.<br><br>10.3. Verbesserung oder Verschlechterung der Vorgabe<br>----------------------------------------------------<br>Die Verbesserung geschieht durch das sog. Unterspielen, d.h. man spielt <br>auf einer Runde besser als man es laut eigener Spielvorgabe eigentlich <br>tut. Je nach Vorgabenklasse wird jeder Schlag um den man sich <br>unterspielt, unterschiedlich gewertet. Verbesserungen/Verschlechterungen <br>der Vorgabe sind nur in vorgabewirksamen Turnieren oder auf EDS-Runden <br>(bis HC -18.5) möglich.<br><br>Vorgaben-Klasse 1   0.1 Punkte<br>Vorgaben-Klasse 2   0.2 Punkte<br>Vorgaben-Klasse 3   0.3 Punkte<br>Vorgaben-Klasse 4   0.4 Punkte<br>Vorgaben-Klasse 5   0.5 Punkte<br>Clubvorgaben        1.0 Punkte<br><br>Ein Spieler mit Stammvorgabe -26.3, der sich um 6 Schläge <br>(6 x 0.4 = 2.4) unterspielt erhält also die neue Stammvorgabe -23.9.<br> <br>Etwas komplizierter wird die Rechnung, wenn ein Spieler die <br>Vorgaben-Klassengrenzen überschreitet. Hier wird der Spieler solange<br>mit dem für seine Klasse geltenden Schrittmaß heruntergesetzt, bis er<br>die Klassengrenze überschreitet. Sind nun noch unterspielte Schläge<br>übrig, wird er mit dem für seine neue Vorgaben-Klasse geltenden<br>Schrittmaß weiter heruntergesetzt. Ein Spieler mit Stammvorgabe -12.1, <br>der sich um 6 Schläge heruntergespielt hat, wird folglich mit drei<br>Schlägen heruntergesetzt (3 x 0.3 =0.9). Nun hat er Stammvorgabe -11.2<br>und ist somit in einer neuen Vorgabenklasse. Die verbleibenden drei<br>Schläge werden nun mit dem neuen Schrittmaß verrechnet (3 x 0.2 =<br>0.6), so daß unser Beispiel-Spieler am Ende eine Stammvorgabe von -10.6 <br>erhält. <br><br>Natürlich kann man sich beim Golf nicht nur verbessern, sondern man<br>kann sich (leider) auch verschlechtern. Verschlechtern tut man sich<br>immer dann, wenn man schlechter als die eigene Spielvorgabe spielt und<br>außerdem den sogenannten Schonbereich (siehe Tabelle) nicht erreicht.<br>Hochgesetzt wird man<br><br>- in den Vorgabe-Klassen 1 bis einschließlich 4 um 0,1 Punkte<br>- in der Vorgaben-Klasse 5 um 0,2 Punkte.<br><br>Heraufsetzungen bei Clubvorgaben sind nicht möglich.<br><br>Schonbereich<br>------------<br>Vorgaben-Klasse 1       1 Stableford-Punkt<br>Vorgaben-Klasse 2       2 Stableford-Punkte<br>Vorgaben-Klasse 3       3 Stableford-Punkte<br>Vorgaben-Klasse 4       4 Stableford-Punkte<br>Vorgaben-Klasse 5       5 Stableford-Punkte<br><br>Schonbereich bedeutet, daß die eigene Stammvorgabe nicht hochgesetzt<br>wird, wenn man höchstens so viele Schläge, wie im Schonbereich für die <br>jeweilige Vorgaben-Klasse vorgegeben, schlechter spielt. Ein Spieler <br>mit Stammvorgabe -7.0, der zwei Schläge schlechter als seine<br>Spielvorgabe gespielt hat, wird also nicht hochgesetzt, ein Spieler,<br>der drei Schläge schlechter gespielt hat, wird dagegen hochgesetzt.<br><br>10.4. Course-Rating <br>-------------------<br>Der Course-Rating-Wert ist das Mass des Schwierigkeitsgrades eines<br>Golfplatzes für Spieler mit niedriger Vorgabe (Vorgabe 0) unter <br>normalen Platz- und Wetterbedingungen. Ermittelt wird dieser Wert aus <br>der effektiven Spiellänge des Platzes und anderen Erschwernisfaktoren, <br>soweit diese das Spiel des Spielers erschweren (wie z.B. die Breite <br>der Fairways, die Höhe des Roughs, die Größe der Grüns und <br>Höhenunterschiede). Der Course-Rating-Wert wird in Schlägen angegeben, <br>auf eine Dezimalstelle hinter dem Komma genau. Für die <br>unterschiedlichen Abschläge (Herren/Damen, vordere bis hintere <br>Abschläge) gibt es in der Regel unterschiedliche Course-Rating-Werte.<br><br>10.5. Slope<br>-----------<br>Der Slope-Wert ist das Mass des relativen Schwierigkeitsgrades eines<br>Platzes für Golfer mit einer höheren Vorgabe (Vorgabe != 0). Der <br>Slope-Wert wird gerundet auf ganze Zahlen angegeben und kann zwischen <br>55 und 155 liegen. Ein Golfplatz mit einem standardisierten mittleren<br>Schwierigkeitsgrad hat einen Slope-Wert von 113. Für die<br>unterschiedlichen Abschläge (Herren/Damen, vordere bis hintere<br>Abschläge) gibt es in der Regel unterschiedliche Slope-Werte.<br><br>10.6. Umrechnung der Stammvorgabe in die Spielvorgabe<br>-----------------------------------------------------<br>Die DGV-Stammvorgabe (z.B. -17.4) ist vor einer Runde in die DGV-<br>Spielvorgabe umzurechnen. Denn die Höhe der DGV-Spielvorgabe hängt <br>stets davon ab, wie leicht oder schwer der Platz ist. D.h. auf schweren <br>Plätzen wird man mit einem höheren, auf leichten Plätzen mit einer <br>niedrigeren Vorgabe spielen. Konkret umgerechnet wird die Spielvorgabe <br>wie folgt:<br><br>Spielvorgabe = Stammvorgabe * Slope/113 - Course Rating + Par<br><br>Achtung: <br>Bitte immer darauf achten, das die Stammvorgabe ein negatives Vorzeichen <br>hat. Ignoriert man dieses, kommt man zu einem falschen Ergebnis.<br><br>Beispiel:<br>Auf einem Platz mit einem Slope von 133, einem Corse Rating von 71,2<br>(jeweils für die zu spielenden Abschläge) und einem Par von 72 ergibt<br>sich bei einer Stammvorgabe von -17,4 die folgende Spielvorgabe:<br><br>Spielvorgabe-Formel: = -17.4 x 133 : 113  71.2 + 72 = -19.67<br><br>Der Spieler/die Spielerin tritt also auf diesem Platz mit der<br>Spielvorgabe -20 an, Unter- und Überspielungen beziehen sich dann auf<br>diese Spielvorgabe.<br><br>10.7. Extra Day Score (EDS)<br>---------------------------<br>Vorgabenwirksam sind nicht nur Wettspiele, sondern auch bestimmte <br>Privatrunden. Europaweit einheitlich hat man sich darauf geeinigt, <br>diese vorgabenwirksamen Privatrunden als "Extra Day Scores" (EDS) zu <br>bezeichnen. Vorgabenwirksame Privatrunden dürfen jedoch nur <br>Spielerinnen/Spieler einreichen, deren DGV-Stammvorgabe höher als -18.4 <br>ist. Im Bereich der Clubvorgaben und der DGV-Vorgabenklasse 5 können <br>beliebig viele Extra Day Scores im Jahr gespielt werden. In der DGV-<br>Vorgabenklasse 4 jedoch nur so viele, wie im aktuellen Kalenderjahr <br>bereits vorgabenwirksame Wettspielergebnisse durch eine Spielerin/einen <br>Spieler erzielt wurden. Der jeweilige Extra Day Score kann generell nur <br>dann als vorgabenwirksam anerkannt werden, wenn er auf dem Heimatplatz <br>gespielt wurde (für VcG-Spieler gilt der Platz als Heimatplatz, auf dem <br>die erste EDS-Runde des Jahres gespielt wurde), der Zähler Vorgabe <br>-36.0 oder besser hat und sich der Spieler vor der Runde im Sekretariat <br>registriert. Zu berücksichtigen ist, dass man sich auf EDS-Runden <br>sowohl unterspielen als auch überspielen kann.<br><br>10.8. Clubvorgabe<br>-----------------<br>Neben den offiziellen Vorgaben gibt es in Deutschl