"ranapo" ha scritto nel messaggio
news:w9WOj.17714$o06.14099@tornado.fastwebnet.it...

una breve lista con descrizione dei diapason (dal più basso al più alto) di
cui si ha certezza
Da notare che il più alto in assoluto (la: 570 Hz) risale al 1619
Chissà come suonavano veloci.........

a' (A4, la4)
(in hertz) Place Date Description

376.3 Lille, France 1700 (anté) Pitch taken by Delezenne from an old
dilapidated organ of l'Hospice Comtesse
378.8 Paris, France 1766 Pitch calculated from data given by Dom Bédos in
L'Art du Facteur d'Orgues
380.0 Heidelberg, Germany 1511 Pitch calculated from data given by Arnold
Schlick
392.2 St. Petersburg, Russia 1739 Euler's clavichord
395.8 Versailles, France 1789 Organ of the palace chapel
398.0 Berlin, Germany 1775 Pitch estimated from a flute described by Jean
Henri Lambert in Observations sur les Flûtes, pub. Académie Royal des
Sciences, Berlin
400.0 Paris, France c. 1756 Pitch estimated from a flute made by T Lot, one
of the five 'maîtres constructeurs' of wind-instruments in Paris, France
401.3 Paris, France 1648 Mersenne's Spinet
404.0 Paris, France 1699 Paris Opera A
405.8 Paris, France 1713 Sauveur's calculation
407.9 Hamburg, Germany 1762 Organ of St. Michael's Church, Hamburg
409.0 Paris, France 1783 Tuning fork of Pascal Taskin, court tuner
415.5 Dresden, Germany 1722 Organ of St. Sophia
419.6 Seville, Spain 1785 & 1790 Organ of Seville cathedral
421.6 Vienna, Austria 1780 supposed to be Mozart's pitch
422.5 London, England 1751 Handel's tuning fork
423.5 London, England 1711 an existing tuning fork of John Shore
425.5 Paris, France 1829 Pianoforte at the Paris Opera
427.6 Paris, France 1823 Opèra Comique
430.8 Paris, France 1830 Opera pitch as related by Drouet, the celebrated
French flautist
432.0 Brussels, Belgium 1876 Proposed pitch standard
Milan, Italy 1881 at a musical congress in Milan as part of the Musical
Exposition held in June 1881, it was decided to stabilise pitch in Italy at
a'=432.
432.54 Paris, France c.1700 'Joseph Sauveur's Philosophical Pitch, C-512',
also called 'scientific pitch', fixed middle C at exactly 256 Hz (arrived at
by computing the ninth power of 2) and resulted in the A above it (a') being
tuned to approximately 430.54 Hz. It gained some popularity due to its
mathematical convenience (the frequencies of all the Cs being a power of
two) but it never received the same official recognition as diapason normal
(a'=435 Hz) and was not as widely used. Joseph Sauveur (1653-1716) was a
French physicist and mathematician
435.0 Paris, France 1859 The French 'Diapason Normal', set in a law passed
on 16 February 1859 by the French government acting with the advice of
Halvy, Meyerbeer, Auber, Ambroise Thomas and Rossini, although the mean of
several forks set to this pitch lies slightly higher at a'=435.4 which is
equivalent to c''=517.8 or c' = 258.9. This pitch was adopted outside
France. For example, several Italian institutions, including the Istituto
Musicale di Firenze (Florence) and the Teatro San Carlo in Naples adopted
the French 'Diapason Normal'.
437.0 Paris and Toulouse, France 1836 & 1859 The earlier was the pitch of
the Italian Opera in Paris, the later that of the Conservatoire in Toulouse
440.0 Paris, France 1829 Orchestral pitch of the Paris Opera
440.0 Stuttgart, Germany 1838 Proposed pitch standard, Stuttgart congress
(actually a'=440.2 when corrected to table temperature); also Scheibler's
standard.
441.0 Rome, Italy 1725 (anté) Pitch calculated from a flute made by Biglioni
and possibly brought from Rome by J. J. Quantz when he left Rome in 1725
444.0 London, England 1860 Standard intended for the Society of Arts -
(however a fork set to this standard by J.H. Griesbach has a measured pitch
of a'=445.7, equivalent to c''=530.1 or c'=265.05)
444.5 Madrid, Spain 1858 Theatre Royale, Madrid
444.5 London, England c. 1810 Pitch of a flute made by Henry Potter
444.6 London, England 1877 Organ in St. Paul's Cathedral
444.8 Turin, Weimer, Würtemberg 1859 Measurements made for the French
Commission
445.7 London, England 1860 see comment for a'=444.0 (above)
446.0 Paris, France; Dresden and Pesth, Germany, 1859 Pleyel's Piano taken
by Delezenne and the pitches at the Opera houses of Dresden and Pesth
447.11 London, England 1845 Pitch calculated from a fork said to be at the
pitch of the Royal Philharmonic Society
448.0 Hamburg, Germany 1839 & 1840 Opera
448.0 Paris, France 1854 Opéra Comique
448.0 Paris, France 1858 Grand Opèra
448.0 Liège, Belgium 1859 Conservatoire
450.0 London, England 1850 to 1885 An average of the pitches of London
orchestras during this period
mid-nineteenth century Rome, Italy Accademia di Santa Cecilia in Rome
adopted as its own pitch a'=450. Other musical institutions adopted the
French 'Diapason Normal' while others used a'=432
450.5 Lille, France 1848 & 1854 Lille Opera, measured during performance
451.0 Brussels, Belgium 1879 Pitch standard proposed for the Belgian Army
451.5 St. Petersburg, Russia 1858 Opera
451.7 Milan, Italy 1867 La Scala Opera
451.8 Berlin, Germany 1859 Opera
451.9 London, England 1878 British Army Regulations
452.0 Lille, France 1859 Conservatoire
452.0 London, England 1889 Official Pitch at the 'Inventions' Exhibition in
1885 - the highest pitch used intentionally by English orchestras up to 1890
452.5 London, England 1846 to 1854 Mean pitch of the Philharmonic Band under
Sir Michael Costa. His Majesty's Rules and Regulations required Army Bands
to play at the Philharmonic pitch, and a fork tuned to a'=452.5 in 1890 is
preserved as the standard for the Military Training School at Kneller Hall
453.3 London, England 1837 (anté) Pitch calculated from a flute made by
Rudall and Rose possibly as early as 1827
454.08 London, England 1874 Old Philharmonic Pitch, instigated by Sir
Charles Hall
454.7 London, England 1874 Fork representing the highest pitch adopted for
Philharmonic concerts
454.7 London, England 1879 Steinway's English pitch; also Messrs. Bryceson's
pitch
455.3 London, England 1879 Messrs. Erard's pitch
455.5 Brussels, Belgium 1859 Band of the Guides
456.1 London, England 1857 Fork set to the French Society of Pianoforte
Makers
457.2 New York, USA 1879 Pitch used by Messrs. Steinway in America
456.0 Vienna, Austria 1859 Viennese 'high pitch'
457.6 Vienna, Austria c. 1640 Great Franciscan organ
460.0 Vienna, Austria 1880 Old Austrian Military Pitch
461.0 London, England 1838 (anté) Actual pitch of a flute said to be tuned
to a'=453.3
474.1 Durham, England 1683 Cathedral Organ by Bernhardt Smith
474.1 London, England 1708 Organ of the Chapel Royal by Bernhardt Smith
480.8 Hamburg, Germany 1543 & 1879 Organ at the church of St. Catherine
484.1 Lübeck, Germany 1878 Cathedral, small organ
489.2 Hamburg, Germany 1688 & 1693 Organ at the church of St. Jacob
505.6 Paris, France 1636 Mersenne's church pitch
506.9 Halberstadt, Germany 1361 Cathedral Organ
567.6 Paris, France 1636 Mersenne's chamber pitch
570.7 Germany 1619 Pitch called Kammerton (chamber pitch) by Praetorius;
also called North German church pitch