If you look more closely at the alignment of the characters to the hex
values you will see that xd thinks Q has character code 0x525 and R
has character code 3. It should look more like

%% xd -c -x bad
0000000 e0Q R S \n
0 e0515253 0a000000
0000005

On Jul 14, 2008, at 12:43 PM, Russ Cox wrote:

-x by itself doesn't output the hex codes
for bytes, it outputs the hex codes for 4 byte
integers. i think you're thinking of this command
line instead

; xd -c -1x bad
0000000 e0 Q R S \n
0 e0 51 52 53 0a

- erik

The -c and -x formats are not intended to align.
If you want hex codes aligned with characters, use -b.

%% echo ABCD | xd -c -x
0000000 A B C D \n
0 41424344 0a000000
0000005
%%

Russ

On Jul 14, 2008, at 1:13 PM, erik quanstrom wrote:

On Jul 14, 2008, at 1:22 PM, Russ Cox wrote:

Thanks for the clarifications. -b == -1x, so both solve this
misunderstanding.