The evolutionary theory has been taken in two directions. One is that
of seeing humanity as a whole and seeing the human nature as one of
benefitting the collective. The other is that of seeing man as the
individual and seeing man's destiny as one of bettering his own
condition. In reality, both are true, and the only order that has a
chance of benefitting humanity at both collective and individual
levels is one that recognizes the fact of both and gives people
freedom to work to effect both outcomes.

This, I refer to as the philosophy of integrationism: One that
recognizes both man's individuality and the identity of the species,
and empowers people to make the most of both. And in the arrangement
based on the fact of what is man, the two are unlimited and feed into
each other to make the most of both man's life at individual level and
of the benefit of the collective.

Now there are many false directions taken by evolutionary theory that
first must be addressed. One is that of social Darwinism. This is
wrong for one simple reason: It wants to claim that a single direction...

ibshambat@gmail.com wrote:

At the end of the day, an animal shall either reproduce or not. If the
"cost" of a gene prevents the individual from reproducing, those genes
exit the gene pool. The gene pool is forever converging towards an
ever-changing, hypothetical optimal set of genes, which basically means
that "costly" genes are gradually eliminated from the gene pool.

In an attempt to reconcile their morality with evolution, or to justify
their own actions or beliefs, some people attempt to argue that doing
something that reduces their fitness actually increases their fitness,
which is clearly a contradiction. Evolution is a cut-throat competition,
survival of the fittest. Cooperation may be part of that, but only while
it gives a competitive edge. It can be discomforting to discover that
all your emotions are just a manifestation of your genes' selfishness,
the result of a cold and mechanical process, but it's the reality
nonetheless.

On Mon, 05 Nov 2007 20:08:31 +0000, Absorbed hotmail.com>
wrote:

Keynes wrote: