... and the independent region of Aquitaine (now in South West France). The Frankish and Burgundian forces, united under Frank ruler Charles Martel (The Hammer) fought against an army...Barbarian settlement began to expand over much of the western Empire. Vandals, Visigoths, Alans, Suevi, Burgundians, Franks, Ostrogoths and Saxons became an erosive force upon the Empire. Gaul, which had...

... - which took place near the city of Tours, close to the border between the Frankish realm and the independent region of Aquitaine (now in South West France). The Frankish and Burgundian forces, united under Frank ruler Charles Martel (The Hammer) fought against an army of the Umayyad Caliphate led by Abderrahman, Governor of the recently conquered Spain. Many modern historians see ...